 Your History Online A
Chronological History of Africans
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Your History Online A
Chronological History of Africans
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Obadele, Imari Abubakar, 1973 Obasanjo, Olusegun, Gen., 1975 (see also Nigeria) Oberlin College, 1833, 1847, 1858 Oberlin Conservatory of Music, 1865 Obote, Apolo Milton, Pres., 1965, 1972 Occam, William of, 1347 Odinga, Oginga, 1911, 1979 Odoacer, 476 Ogé, Victor, 1790, 1821 Ogelthorpe, 1733 Ohio, 1804, 1808, 1820, 1825, 1826, 1829, 1830, 1832, 1833, 1836, 1838, 1840, 1844, 1847, 1848, 1849, 1850, 1852, 1854, 1855, 1856, 1858, 1860, 1863, 1864, 1865, 1867, 1869, 1870, 1871, 1872, 1875, 1880, 1884, 1887, 1890, 1892, 1896, 1900, 1902, 1904, 1905, 1906, 1908, 1909, 1910, 1911, 1912, 1914, 1915, 1918, 1919, 1920, 1921, 1922, 1926, 1928, 1929, 1931, 1932, 1933, 1936, 1938, 1940, 1941, 1942, 1943, 1965, 1966, 1967, 1968, 1969, 1970, 1975, 1979 African Suffrage, 1867 Anti-Mob Violence Act, 1896 Black Laws, 1804 Civil Rights, 1884 National Guard, 1970 Negro Protective Party, 1897 Public Universities, 1804, 1809, 1819, 1870, 1872, 1873, 1887, 1891, 1908, 1910, 1914, 1938, 1964 Segregation, 1871 Ohio State University, 1873 Ohio University, 1804 Okeechobee, Battle of, 1837 Oklahoma, 1850, 1879, 1881, 1890, 1897, 1905, 1913, 1914, 1915, 1921, 1922, 1923, 1929, 1958, 1973 Olatunji, Babatunde, 1970 Olatunji Center for African Culture, 1970 Oldendorp, C.G.A., 1741 Oliver, Joe “King,” 1917, 1923, 1938 Olustee, Battle of, 1864 Olympic Games, 776 BCE, 1936, 1956, 1968, 1976, 1979 Omani Empire, 1840 Oman Revolution, Congress of, The, 1968 Omar, 632 Omar, Al-Hajj, 1851 Omayyads, 749 Omdurman, Battle of, 1885, 1898 O’Neal, Frederick, 1929, 1964, 1968 One Hundred Amazing Facts about the Negro, 1804 Operas, Black Artists in, 1868, 1933, 1949, 1955, 1966 “Operation Boy Scout,“ 1974 Opium War, 1839 Opportunity: A Journal of Negro Life, 1923 Opportunities Industrialization Corp., 1971 Orange River, 1867 Oregon Territory, 1846 Organization of African Unity (OAU), 1963, 1964, 1975, 1976, 1979 Organization of Afro-American Unity (OAAU), 1964 (See also Malcolm X) Organization of American States (OAS), 1972 Organization of the People of Africa, Asia, and Latin Amer- ica (OSPAAAL), 1966 Orthodox Christian Church, 483 Osceola, 1838 Osorkon II, (1974) Ostend Manifesto, 1854 Othello, 1826, 1943 “Othello,” 1973 Othman, 644, 656 Otto I, 962, 936, 963 Our Nig, 1859 Outline of History, 4, 1638 Ovambo Bantustan, 1975 Overbearing Americans, (1980) Overshoe, 1898 Owen, Chandler, 1918 Owen, Robert, 1819, 1835 Owens, Jesse, 1936 Oyo, 1750 Pacheo, Louis and Abraham, 1850 PAC (Pan-Africanist Congress), 1960, 1979 Pace Phonograph Corp., 1914, 1921 Pacto de el Asiento de Negros, 1713 Padmore, George, 1930, 1959 Pahlevi, Mohammed Reza, Shah, 1974 PAIGC, 1956, 1963, 1973, 1974, 1975 Paine, Charles, 1864 Paine College, 1883 Paine, William “Che,” 1970 Painter’s Union, 1907 Palestine, 1948, 1950, 1973, 1975 Palmares, Republic of, 1695 Palmer Memorial Institute, 1904 Pan-African Congress, 1919, 1921, 1923, 1927, 1945, 1973, 1974 Pan-African Cultural Festival, 1969 Pan-Africanist Congress (see PAC) Pan-African Peace Force, 1979 Pan-African Protest Conference, 1900 Pan-African Unity, 1953, 1963, 1972 Panama (Panama Canal), 1903, 1904, 1972, 1974, 1975 Pan Chau, 102 Panipat, Battle of, 1525 Pannonia, 9 Papal Court, 1309 Paraguay, 1861 Paramount Records, 1923 Park, Mungo, 1795, 1806 Parker, Charlie “Yard-Bird,” 1920, 1955 Parker, Mack, 1959 Parks, Rosa, Mrs., 1955 Parsons, James B., 1961 Parthinians, 53 BCE Passau, Treaty of, 1552 Patriotic Front, 1979, 1980 Patterson, William, L., 1951 Paul, Thomas, Rev., 1809 Payne, Daniel A., 1811, 1856 Peabody Educational Fund, 1874, 1875 Peace and Freedom Party, 1968 Peace Corps., 1961 Peace of Campo Formio, 1797 Peace of Paris, 1763 Peake, George, 1808 Peake, Mary, 1861 Pearl Harbor, 1941 Peary, Robert E., 1909 Pease, Joachim, 1864 Pedi People, 1852 Peisistratus, 527 BCE Peloponnesian War, 431 BCE Pemba Island, 1977 Pennington, James W.C., 1809, 1841, 1849, 1870 Pennsylvania, 1641, 1664, 1681, 1688, 1713, 1741, 1758, 1775, 1781, 1784, 1787, 1790, 1794, 1800, 1801, 1809, 1817, 1819, 1822, 1830, 1831, 1833, 1834, 1835, 1838, 1840, 1842, 1843, 1849, 1854, 1859, 1872, 1876, 1880, 1884, 1890, 1892, 1897, 1899, 1900, 1902, 1907, 1920, 1929, 1931, 1938, 1941, 1946, 1958, 1971 Pencil Sharpener, 1897 Peonage, in U.S., 1907, 1926, 1930, 1932 (see also Slavery, Slave Trade) People’s Front for Liberation of Oman (PFLOAG), 1965, 1968, 1974 People’s National Assembly, 1973 (see also Guinea-Bissau) People’s Progressive Party, 1950, 1979 People’s Temple, 1979 Pepin of Heristhal, 687 Pepin the Short, 751, 768 Pereira, Aristides, 1973 Pergamum, 133 BCE Perlo, Victor, 1975 Perry, Lincoln, 1929 Pericles, 429 BCE Pershing, John J., 1916 Persian Empire, 539 BCE, 490 BCE, 480 BCE, 332 BCE Persian Gulf, 1980 Peru, 1551, 1780-1781, 1831-1836, 1855, 1972, 1973, 1975 Africans in, 1532 Pestilence (the Plague, the “Black Death”), 164, 543, 590, 1094, 1348 Peter the Great, 1689 Peters, Brock, 1973 Peters, Frank, 1887 Peterson, Louis, 1953 Peterson, Thomas, 1870 Pétion, Alexandre, 1791 (see also Haiti) Petioni, C.A., 1928 Petrarch, 1304, 1375 Phan van Dong, 1974 Phelps-Stokes Fund, 1911 Philadelphia, 1681, 1758, 1775, 1781, 1794, 1800, 1801, 1814, 1816, 1817, 1819, 1872, 1958 (see also Pennsylvania) Philadelphia Housing Assoc., 1941 Philadelphia Negro, The, 1899 Phoenix Society, 1822, 1833 Philiss Wheatley Association, 1905, 1911 Phylon (see Newspapers, Journals) Pickering, John F., 1900 Pickett, William “Bill,” 1868, 1905 Pierce, Franklin, 1853 Pietro, Alonzo, 1492 Pinchback, P.B.J., 1872, 1873, 1876 Pius, Antoninus, 138 Pizarro, Francisco, 1530, 1532 Platt Amendment, 1903 Playhouse Settlement (see Karamu House) Plataea, Battle of, 479 BCE Plato, 427 BCE Poitier, Sidney, 1924, 1950, 1951, 1957, 1958, 1959, 1963, 1966, 1967, 1968, 1976 Poison Spring (see Massacares) Polio Vaccine (see Salk, Jonas, Dr.) Polisario Front, 1975, 1976 Politics, Independent Black, 1830, 1831, 1843, 1851, 1864, 1883, 1897, 1907, 1912, 1944, 1972, 1976, 1980 Polk, James K., Pres., 1841, 1844 Pollard, Bud, 1932 Polo, Marco, 1271, 1295 Pompey, 66 BCE, 48 BCE Pompey, Rev., (1962) Ponce de León, Juan, 1512 Poor People’s March to Wash., DC, 1968 Pope, Chief, (1962) Popes, the Catholic Alexander VI, 1492, 1494 Boniface VIII, 1294, 1303 Clement V, 1305 Clement VII, 1378 Gregory VII, 1073 Gregory IX, 1227 Gregory XI, 1377 Honorius II, 1216 Innocent III, 1198 John X, 928 John XI, 931 John XII, 955, 963 John XIII, 1960, 1963 Leo X, 1513 Martin V, 1417, 1420 Paschal II, 1099 Paul VI, 1963 Pius I, 186 Urban II, 1087, 1095 Urban VI, 1378 (see also African Popes) Popular Movement for Liberation of Angola (see MPLA) Population Statistics, U.S., 1770, 1790, 1800, 1810, 1820, 1830, 1840, 1850, 1860, 1865, 1870, 1880, 1890, 1900, 1910, 1920, 1930, 1940, 1950, 1960, 1970, 1972 (see also Black Population Sta- tistics) Populists, 1882 Porgy & Bess, 1943, 1959 Port Hudson & Civil War, 1863 Port Elizabeth Black Civic Organ- ization, 1980 Portsmouth (Ohio), 1830 Portugal (Portuguese), 1147, 1415, 1441, 1442, 1456, 1482, 1487, 1490, 1494, 1497, 1505, 1506, 1596, 1629, 1665, 1729, 1834, 1838, 1841, 1889, 1910, 1930, 1960, 1965, 1966, 1967, 1969, 1973, 1974, 1975 (see also Brazil, Angola, Guinea- Bissau, Mozambique) POW’s, Execution of, 1863, 1864 Powell, Adam Clayton, Jr., 1908, 1944, 1955, 1961 Powell, Adam Clayton, Sr., 1865, 1923 Prairie View A&M College, 1876 Prayer Pilgrimmage, 1957 Pre-Columbian Atlantic Crossings, 1324 Pree, T.J., 1919 Preer, Evelyn, 1925 Presidential Candidates, Black, 1968, 1972, 1976, 1980 Price, J.C., 1890 Price, John, 1858 Price, Leontyne, 1927, 1966 Priscus, 448 Primus, Pearl, 1944 Princeton University, 1955, 1975 Probus, 275 Progressive Alliance of Liberia (PAL), 1980 Progressive Democratic Party, 1944 “Progressive Era, The,” 1890 Progressive Farmers and House- hold Union, 1919 Prosser, Gabriel, 1800, 1936 Protest Demonstrations, U.S., 1906, 1915, 1917, 1929 Civil Rights, 1941, 1945, 1961, 1963, 1970 Alabama, 1963 Harlem, 1963 Jail-Ins, 1961 Kansas, 1970 Kent State Univ., 1968, 1970 Louisiana, 1961 Mississippi, 1970 Sit-Ins, 1960, 1961, 1962 Snipers, 1968, 1970 South Carolina, 1968 U.S. Air Force Base, 1966 Wade-Ins, 1960, 1961 World’s Fair, 1963 Protestant Revolution (see Reformation) Provident Hospital, 1891, 1893 Prussia (see Germany) Pryor, Richard, 1973 Psammetichus I, 664 BCE Psycho-surgery, 1935, 1975 Ptolemy Soter, 285 BCE Puerto Rico, 1527, 1841, 1873, 1890, 1968, 1972, 1975 Pulitzer Prize, 1950 Pulley, Andrew, 1972, 1980 Punic Wars, 264 BCE, 219 BCE, 146 BCE Purified Nationalist Party, 1934 Purvis, Robert, 1890 Puryear, Civis B., 1876 Pyrrhus, 279 BCE, 275 BCE, 281 BCE Quaco, 1783 Quakers, 1775, 1787 Slavery, 1688 Quarrie, Don, 1976 Quebec, 1608 Battle of, 1759 Queen’s College (Guyana), 1842 Queen’s Collegiate School (Trinidad), 1859 Queen Elizabeth (see Elizabeth I, Elizabeth II) Queen Mother Moore, 1927 Queen Victoria, 1837, 1840, 1877, 1897, 1901 Race Riots, 1829, 1834, 1835, 1836 Alabama, 1943, 1946, 1956, 1957, 1963 Arkansas, 1919, 1957 California, 1943, 1965 Florida, 1876, 1923, 1960 Georgia, 1906, 1961 Illinois, 1908, 1917, 1919, 1951, 1953, 1964, 1965, 1966 Indiana, 1906 Louisiana, 1866, 1868, 1896, 1900 Maryland, 1963 Michigan, 1925, 1942, 1943, 1967 Mississippi, 1871, 1874, 1875, 1960, 1962, 1965, 1966 Nebraska, 1919 New Jersey, 1926, 1963, 1964 New York, 1863, 1900, 1928, 1935, 1943, 1963, 1964 North Carolina, 1899, 1969 Ohio, 1863, 1904, 1906, 1926, 1966 Oklahoma, 1921, 1923 Pennsylvania, 1918, 1946, 1964 South Carolina, 1876, 1926 Tennessee, 1866, 1874, 1919, 1946, 1956, 1960 Texas, 1906, 1919, 1943, 1956 Virginia, 1884 Washington, D.C., 1919 Race War, 1971 Racial Bombings, 1956, 1957, 1960, 1961, 1962, 1963 Radio City Music Hall, 1970 Railway Brake Apparatus, 1905 Rainbowe, the (see Slave Ships) “Rainbow Children,” 1973 Rainey, Gertrude “Ma,” 1902 Rainey, Joseph H., 1870, 1832 Railroads, 1926 (see also Union Pacific) Raisin in the Sun, 1959 Raleigh, Walter, Sir, 1583, 1618 Rand, Peter, 1826 Randolph, A. Philip, 1889, 1918, 1941, 1948, 1955 Rangel, Charles, 1975 Rastafarian Movement, 1930 Ratisbon, Treaty of, 1680 Rawlings, T.P., 1896 Ray, Charlotte E., 1872 Ray, James Earl, 1968 Real Cedula, 1513 Reagan, Ronald, Pres., 1980 Reason, Charles L., 1850 Recollections of Seventy Years, 1811 Reconstruction, 1866, 1867, 1868, 1869, 1870, 1871, 1872, 1873, 1874, 1875, 1876, 1877, 1960, 1964, 1965, 1969, 1975 (see also Freedmen’s Bureau) Redmond, Eugene, 1976 Red Shirts, 1898 “Red Tails” (see U.S. Air Force) Reed, John, 1820 Reed, Thomas, 1975 Reese, James, 1914 Reformation, 1517 Reid, Willie Mae, 1976 Religious Wars Buganda, 1890 Thirty Years’ War, 1618, 1648 Remond, Charles Lenox, 1810, 1838 Renaissance European, 1453 Harlem, 1920 Republic of New Africa, the (RNA), 1973, 1975 “Resurrection of Lazarus,” 1897 Revels, Hiram, 1822, 1870, 1876, 1901 Revolts (see Slave Revolts, Race Riots) Rhode Island, 1655, 1777, 1778, 1842, 1866 Rhodes, Cecil J., 1887, 1890, 1893 Rhodes, Hari, 1973 Rhodes Scholars, Black, 1886, 1907 Rhodesia, 1896, 1923, 1965, 1967, 1968, 1970, 1972, 1979, 1980 (see also Zimbabwe) Rice, C.W., 1931 Rice, Thomas, 1828 Richards, Beah, 1967, 1968 Richelieu, Cardinal, 1623, 1642 Rickman, A.J., 1898 Ricks, Willie, 1966 “Righteous Harmonious Fists,” 1900 Rillieux, Norbert, 1846 Ritter, Joseph E., Archbishop, 1947 Roberts, Benjamin, 1849 Roberts, Frederick M., 1919 Roberts, Joseph, Pres., 1809 Robertson, Elberta “Doc,” 1925 Robeson, Eslanda Goode, 1930, 1937 Robeson, Paul, 1898, 1924, 1925, 1930, 1933, 1937, 1940, 1943, 1945, 1949, 1976, 1978 Robespierre, 1794 Robinson, Bernard W., 1942 Robinson, Bill “Bojangles,” 1878, 1949 Robinson, Jackie Roosevelt, 1919, 1947, 1949 Robinson, Lewis G., 1929 Robinson, Randall, 1980 Robinson, Renault, 1973 Rock, John S., 1865 Rockefeller, David, 1976 Rockefeller, John D., 1903, 1926, 1928 Rockefeller Foundation, 1979 Rockefeller, Nelson, Gov., 1963, 1971 Rock Paintings, African, (1979) Rodney, Walter, 1979, 1980 Rogers, F.L., 1905 Rolf the Ganger, 911 Roman Emperors, 78 BCE, 48 BCE, 44 BCE, 27 BCE, 14, 37, 41, 54, 64, 68, 69, 79, 96, 117, 138, 161, 193, 269, 270, 275, 276, 284, 303, 306, 314, 323, 350, 379, 392, 395, 527, 529, 565 Roman Plague, 590 Romans, 753 BCE, 321 BCE, 280 BCE, 279 BCE, 260 BCE, 225 BCE, 216 BCE, 200 BCE, 118 BCE, 89 BCE Rome, 1871 Roosevelt, Elliott, 1974 Roosevelt, Franklin, D., Pres., 1933, 1940, 1941, 1945, 1948 Roosevelt, Theodore, Pres., 1898, 1901, 1904, 1906, 1908, |
1912 Rosemond, Clinton, 1945 Rosenwald, Julius, Fund, 1910, 1923, 1927, 1944 Rowan, Carl, 1955 Royal African Company, 1672 Rozwi Empire, 1450, 1480, 1700 Rubens, (1890) Rudolph of Habsburg, 1273 Rugambwa, Laurian, Bishop, 1960 Rumania, 1958 Rummell, Joseph, Archbishop, 1962 Rurik the Northman, 850 Russell, Bill, 1934 Russell, Charlie L., 1973 Russia, 865, 904, 1037, 1043, 1240, 1807, 1811, 1856,1861, 1867, 1922, 1940, 1958, 1961, (1975), 1980 Japan, 1904 Revolution, 1917 Space Travel, 1957 Russworm, John, 1826, 1827, 1829 Rutherford, S.W., 1898 Ruvuma River, 1967 Rwanda, 1979 Sahel, the, 1973 Said, Seyyid, 1840 St. Aquinas, Thomas, 1225, 1274 St. Augustine, 354 St. Augustine’s College, 1867 St. Benedict, 480, 544 St. Boniface, Martyrdom of, 755 St. Croix Island, 1916, 1972 St. Dominic, 1221 St. Francis of Assisi, 1226 St. George’s Episcopal Church, 1894 St. Helena Bay, 1497 St. Helena Island, 1889 St. Ignatius, 1556 St. Jacques, Raymond, 1968, 1969, 1970 St. John Island, 1916 St. Kitts Island, 1972, 1974 “St. Louis Blues,” 1914 St. Lucia Island, 1638, 1763, 1943, 1972, 1979 St. Thomas Island, 1916, 1973 St. Vincent Island, 1763, 1972, 1975, 1979 Saladin, 1187 Salem, Peter, 1775, 1816 Salk, Jonas, Dr., 1953 Sam, Alfred C., Chief, 1913 “Sambo” Film Series, 1911 Sammons, Walter H., 1920 Samnites, 321 BCE Samoan Islands, 1722 Sampson, Edith, 1950 Sampson, George T., 1892 Sandinista National Liberation Front, 1976, 1977 (see also Nicaragua) Sands, Diana, 1963, 1972 San Fernando Valley State, 1968 San Francisco Earthquake, 1906 Santiago de Cuba, 1554 Santo Domingo, 1501, 1519, 1522, 1560, 1679, 1691, 1697, 1790, 1791, 1796, 1802, 1829, 1870,1940 (see also Haiti, Dominican Republic, Latin America) Santomee, Lucas, Dr., (1979) Saphire, 1959 Sapor I, 260 Saracens, 732, 1250 (see also Muslims, Islam) Saraiva Guerreiro, Ramiro, 1980 Sardanapalus, 667 BCE Sargon II, 722 BCE, 704 BCE Sassanid Reign, 531 Saucy Jack, the (see Slave Ships) Saudi Arabia, 1979, 1980 Savannah State College, 1890 Savimbi, Jonas, 1979 Sawaba Party, 1980 Saxton, Rufus, 1862 Scarborough, William Saunders, 1926 Schact, Lawrence, 1978 Scheur, Sandra, 1970 Schomburg Center, the, 1926 School Integration, 1840, 1847, 1849, 1850, 1865, 1866, 1867, 1880, 1890, 1945, 1951, 1952, 1954, 1955, 1956, 1957, 1959, 1960, 1961, 1962, 1963, 1965 (see also Black Schools, Colleges) Schroeder, William, 1970 Schweitzer, Albert, Dr., 1952 Schwerner, Michael, 1964 Schwyz, Men of, 1245 SCLC (Southern Christian Leader- ship Conference), 1957, 1960, 1961, 1966, 1973 Scopes, John, Trial of, 1925 Scott, Dred, 1847, 1857, (1870) Scott, Emmett J., 1917, 1918 Scott, Robert, 1894 “Scottsboro Boys,” 1931 Scotus, Duns, 1308 Scythia, 521 BCE Seale, Bobby, 1973 Sears, Barnas, 1874 Seattle (Wash.), 1860, 1973, 1976 Second World Black and African Festival, 1975 Segal, Ronald, 1971 Segregation, 1847, 1849, 1850, 1870, 1871, 1872, 1873, 1874, 1875, 1876, 1881, 1883, 1884, 1912, 1945, 1951, 1954, 1955, 1956, 1959, 1960, 1961, 1962, 1963 (see also School Integration) Seleucid Dynasty, 192 BCE Seleucus, 303 BCE Self-Defense, Armed, 1862, 1962 Selim, 1512, 1517 Seljuk Turks, 1071 Selassie, Haile, Emperor, 1935, 1941, 1974 (see also Ethiopia) “Selling of Joseph,The,” 1897 Seko, Mobutu Sese, Pres., 1979, 1980 (see also Zaire) Seme, P. ka Isaka, Dr., 1930 Seminole Indians, 1819, 1837, 1839, 1850 (see also Indians) Senate Intelligence Committee, 1975 Senegal, 1960, 1980 Senghor, Léopold, Pres., (1971), 1980 Senmut, (1820) Sennacherib, 704 BCE Serapis, 390 Serbia, 6 AD Seven Cities of Gold, 1539 Seven Weeks’ War, 1866 Seven Years’ War, 1756 Severus, L. Septimius, 193 Sewall, Samuel, 1700 Seychelles, 1979 Shadow and Act, 1914 Shadrach, 1851 Shagari, Alhaji Shehu, Pres., 1980 Shah, Nadir, 1736 Shaka, 1783, 1819 Shakespeare, William, 1564 (see also Othello) Sharpe, Samuel, 1831 Sharpeville Massacre (see Massacres) Shaw University, 1865 Shepstone, Theophilus, Sir, 1845-1875 Sherman, William T., Gen., 1861, 1864, 1865 Shi-Hwang-ti, 220 BCE, 246 BCE Shiloh, Battle of, 1862 Shuttlesworth, Fred L., Rev., 1956, 1957, 1963 Siege of Petersburg, 1864 Sibeko, David, 1979 Sicilian Greeks, 735 BCE, 474 BCE Sierra Leone, 1787, 1820, 1841, 1907, 1961, 1980 Simba Rebellion, 1964 Simone, Nina, 1935 Sims, Thomas, 1851 Singleton, Pap, 1879 Sioux Indians, 1973 (see also Indians) Sipolilo, Battle of, 1967 Sissle, Noble, 1883, 1922, 1924 Siquake, Jaime, 1966 “Sit-Ins,” 1929, 1958, 1959, 1960, 1961, 1962, 1963 Slater, John F., Fund, 1882 Slave Codes, 1685, 1705, 1712 Slave Ships, 1562, 1638, 1645, 1647, 1655, 1814, 1816, 1817, 1819, 1839, 1841, 1859 Slave Revolts, 1519, 1522, 1526, 1527, 1529, 1531, 1533, 1537, 1550, 1639, 1655, 1662, 1663, 1674, 1679, 1685, 1687, 1690, 1691, 1692, 1694, 1695, 1702, 1711, 1712, 1715, 1718, 1719, 1726-1728, 1730, 1733, 1734, 1737, 1739, 1741, 1743, 1744, 1745, 1754, 1760, 1762, 1763, 1765, 1766, 1768, 1770-1771, 1772, 1773, 1776, 1800, 1801, 1802, 1808, 1811, 1816, 1822, 1823, 1835, 1828-1837, 1831, 1837, 1839, 1841, 1850, 1853, (1975) Slavery, Abolishment of, 1777, 1827, 1829, 1834, 1836, 1838, 1842, 1862, 1863, 1865, 1873, 1880, 1888 Anti-, 1700, 1774, 1785, 1787, 1800, 1821, 1829, 1832, 1833, 1835, 1839, 1870, 1880, 1926, 1930, 1932 Baptism, 1571, 1641, 1667, 1735 “Bleached and Unbleached Workers,” 1834 Branding of, 1784 Fear, 1514, 1735, 1741, 1788, 1829, 1830, 1831, 1834 Freedom, 1739, 1778, 1785, 1787, 1862 Fugitives, 1787, 1793, 1804, 1816, 1820, 1835, 1838, 1842, 1848, 1849, 1850, 1851, 1854, 1858, 1861, 1863, 1864 Hereditary Servitude, 1662 Laws Against, 1655, 1695, 1865 Manumission of, 1644, 1787 Sanctioned, 1513, 1516, 1619, 1641, 1787, 1857, 1860, 1930, 1973 Slave Trade, 1442, 1482, 1492, 1502, 1510, 1513, 1514, 1517, 1562, 1588, 1618, 1619, 1638, 1688, 1700, 1735, 1777, 1787, 1788, 1808, 1814, 1816, 1817, 1819, 1820, 1827, 1843, 1896 South Africa, 1657, 1825, 1838 White Slaves, 1501, 1670, (1979) (see also Peonage) Smalls, Robert, 1839, 1862 Smallpox, 1713 Smith, A.J., 1864 Smith, Bessie, 1894, 1937 Smith, Denver, 1972 Smith, Gerrit, 1834 Smith, H.C., 1863 Smith, Ian, 1980 Smith, Joseph, 1897 Smith, Mamie, 1920 Smith, Otis M., 1961 Smith, Tommie, 1968 Smith, Jedediah, 1826 Smith, Wiley, III, 1966 SNCC (Student Non-Violent Coordinating Committee), 1960, 1961, 1962, 1965, 1966, 1974 Socialism, 1835, 1948, 1974, 1980 Socialist Workers Party, 1968, 1972, 1976, 1980 Social Security Act, 1934 Society of Black Composers, 1969 Society of West India Planters & Merchants, 1758 “Society of Negroes,” 1693 Sociobiology, 1976 Soderini, Piero, 1512 Soldiers, Black, U.S., 1775, 1776, 1777, 1778, 1779, 1783, 1785, 1812, 1814, 1815, 1861, 1862, 1863, 1864, 1865, 1866, 1876, 1898, 1906, 1916, 1917, 1918, 1923, 1936, 1939, 1940, 1941, 1942, 1943, 1944, 1945, 1948, 1959, 1951, 1952, 1954, 1973 Soledad Brother, 1972 Solidarity Against Imperialism, Racism, Zionism, Day of, 1973 Somalia, 1960, 1976, 1979, 1980 Sommerville, John, 1928 Somoza, Anastasio (see Debayle, Anastasio Somoza) Songhay Empire, 600, 765, 1373, 1460, 1591 Sonni Ali, 1460 Sontonga, Enoch, 1897 Sophocles, 495 BCE Souls of Black Folk, The, 1895, 1903 Sousa, Teixeira E., 1843 South Africa (Azania), 1487, 1497, 1647, 1652, 1659, 1662, 1673, 1687, 1688, 1702, 1713, 1770, 1774, 1777, 1779, 1783, 1793, 1795, 1798, 1803, 1806, 1808, 1809, 1811, 1812, 1818, 1820, 1824, 1828, 1830, 1834, 1836, 1837, 1838, 1843, 1845, 1846, 1848, 1849, 1850, 1851, 1852, 1854, 1856, 1858, 1860, 1865, 1867, 1868, 1872, 1873, 1878, 1879, 1880, 1881, 1882, 1884, 1885, 1887, 1889, 1890, 1893, 1897, 1898, 1906, 1910, 1912, 1913, 1914, 1915, 1921, 1923, 1924, 1927, 1933, 1935, 1946, 1951, 1955, 1956, 1957, 1958, 1959, 1960, 1961, 1963, 1964, 1966, 1967, 1968, 1969, 1973, 1975, 1976, 1978, 1979, 1980 All-African National Convention, 1935 Anti-Pass Laws, 1906, 1918, 1930, 1944, 1950, 1952, 1956, 1958, 1960, 1967 Apartheid, 1948, 1960, 1973, 1974, 1979 Black Consciousness Movement, 1946 Coalition Government, 1933 Colour Bar Act, 1926 Communist Party (see Commu- nist Party-South Africa) Epidemic in, 1687, 1713 Exodus, 1879, 1923 Freedom Charter, The, 1955, Gold Discovered, 1886 Independence, 1961 Miners, 1913, 1915, 1919, 1960, 1973 National Anthem, 1897 National Liberation League, 1935 Nationalist Party, 1924, 1934, 1953 Newspapers, Journals, 1884, 1959 Political Organizations, 1882, 1902, 1915, 1935, 1947, 1953, 1955, 1956, 1960, 1961 Protests, 1930, 1944, 1950, 1956, 1960, 1979, 1980 Rivonia Trial, 1964 Strikes, 1918, 1919, 1946, 1949, 1950, 1973, 1975 South Africa Party, 1924 Student Organization (SASO), 1969 “Sullivan Principles, the,” 1971, 1980 SWAPO, 1966, 1975 (see also Namibia) Trade Unionism, 1919, 1941, 1955, 1964 Treason Trial, 1956 “Umkonto We Sizwe,” 1961 United Party, 1934 Voting, 1936, 1951 Women, 1913, 1918, 1930, 1943, 1954, 1956, 1958, 1967 (see also ANC) South America, 1975, 1978 Africans in, 1532, 1534, 1550, 1557, 1579, 1711, 1719, 1763, 1772, 1784, 1788, 1798, 1862, 1884, 1888, 1940 (see also Emigration) Dutch in, 1615, 1626, 1831, 1975 Jesuit Missionaries, 1549 Southampton Slave Revolt of 1831, The, 1831 South Carolina, 1526, 1670, 1739, 1740, 1743, 1773, 1792, 1810, 1822, 1829, 1830, 1832, 1834, 1839, 1860, 1861, 1862, 1863, 1865, 1866, 1868, 1869, 1870, 1871, 1872, 1873, 1876, 1881, 1890, 1917, 1919, 1924, 1925, 1944, 1951, 1961, 1968 Blacks in Government, 1868, 1870 Constitution, 1868 State College (University), 1896, 1968 White Rule, 1876 Southern Africa, 1629, 1836, 1837, 1887, 1889, 1890, 1893, 1896, 1923, 1924, 1964, 1965, 1966, 1967, 1968, 1969, 1972, 1973, 1974, 1976, 1979 Southern Christian Advocate, 1800 Southern Conference for Human Welfare, 1938 Southern Regional Council, 1961 Southern Rhodesia (see Southern Africa) Southern Syncopated Orchestra, 1919 Southern University, 1880, 1960, 1962, 1972 Southern Youth Negro Congress, 1937 South West Africa (see Namibia) Soviet Union (see Russia) Sowande, Fela, Chief, (1809), 1968 Space Travel, 1957, 1961, 1962 Spain, 379, 425, 711, 1198, 1415, 1441, 1456, 1492, 1494, 1498, 1500, 1501, 1502, 1510, 1511, 1517, 1519, 1522, 1528, 1530, 1538, 1539, 1546, 1557, 1559, 1562, 1588, 1591, 1592, 1595, 1609, 1626, 1655, 1670, 1679fn, 1697, 1701, 1713, 1769, 1801, 1811, 1816, 1816-1823, 1819, 1820-1821, 1830, 1838, 1854, 1868, 1876, 1895-1898, 1898, 1912, 1924, 1930, 1936, 1937, 1939, 1968, 1976 Spanish Morocco, 1415, 1924 Spartacus, 73 BCE Spaulding, E.C. 1898 Speke, John, 1862 Spingarn Medal Award, 1914, 1915, 1945 Spellman College, 1883 Spinola, General, 1975 “Sputnik” (see Space Travel) S.S. Falgout, 1962 S.S. Kearsage, 1864 S.S. Ontario, 1816 Stagecoach, First Route, 1732 Stalin, Joseph, 1953 Stamps, T.B., 1800 Standard Fruit Co., 1974 Steam Boiler Furnace, 1884 Steam Table, 1897 Stedman, J.G., Capt., 1795 Steinbeck, John, 1962 Stevens, Siaka, Pres., 1980 Stevens, Thaddeus, 1866, 1868 Stevenson, Adlai, 1951 Still, William, 1872 Still, William Grant, 1895, 1927, 1931, 1949 Stokes, Carl B., 1967 Stokes, Louis, 1975 Stoneman, George, 1864 “Stono Conspiracy, the” 1739 Storyville (New Orleans), 1897, 1917 Stowe, Harriet Beecher, 1852 Street Sweeper, 1896 Strikes, 1863, 1882, 1894, 1895, 1900, 1913, 1915, 1918, 1919, 1926, 1927, 1937, 1946, 1949, 1950, 1973, 1975, 1976 Sudan, 1650, 1859, 1885, 1898, 1956, 1976, 1980 Suez Canal, 1859, 1869, 1875, 1952, 1956, 1968, 1975 Sugar Refining, 1813, 1837, 1846, 1850, 1882 Sugar Trade, 1456, 1500, 1510, 1741, 1764, 1796, 1846, 1850, 1854, 1903, 1937, 1962, 1974 Suleiman, 716 Suleiman I, 1520, 1529, 1566 Sullivan, Leon Howard, Rev., 1971 “Sullivan Principles, the” (see South Africa) Sumner, Charles, 1849, 1867, 1874, 1875 Sundiata, 1230 Sunstrom, Frank, 1980 Supreme Court, U.S., 1857, 1876, 1883, 1896, 1906, 1915, 1917, 1925, 1930, 1941, 1944, 1946, 1948, 1953, 1956, 1958, 1962, 1965, 1966, 1972 Education, 1938, 1948, 1950, 1954, 1955 Separate Facilities, 1941 Voting Rights, 1876 Supreme Liberty Life Insurance Co., 1929 Supreme Life & Casualty Co., 1920, 1929 Surinam, 1715, 1763, 1772, 1795, 1974, 1975 SWAPO (South West African Political Organization), 1959, 1966, 1975, 1979 (see also South Africa, Namibia) Swazi Bantustan, 1976 Swaziland, 1968 Sweden, 1645, 1756, 1850, 1961, 1980 Sweet, Ossian, 1925 Sweeting, J.A., 1897 Swing Band Era, Big, 1932, 1935 Switzerland, 1499 Sword of Truth, The, 1804 Sylvain, Benito, 1904 Syria, 192 BCE, 1958 Syphilis, “Treatment” of, 1932-1972 Taft, William Howard, Pres., 1904, 1909 Tai Tsung, 627, 635 Talladega College, 1867 Tambo, Oliver R., 1960, 1967, 1980 Tamerlane, 1369, 1395, 1405 Tanganyika (see Tanzania) Tanganyika African National Union (TANU), 1977 Tanner, Henry Ossawa, 1897, 1937 Tanzania, 1905, 1922, 1961, 1966, 1967, 1869, 1969, 1972, 1973, 1974, 1976, 1979, 1980 Tanzama Pipeline, 1968 Tasmania, 1777, 1803 Genocide, 1876, (1551) Tate, John, 1979 Tatum, Art, 1910, 1956 Taylor, Clarice, 1973 Taylor, Zachary, Pres., 1849 “Ten Thousand Greeks,” 401 BCE Telamon, Battle of, 225 BCE Telephone, Invention of, 1876, |
1887 Television, Cross-Atlantic, 1962 Telestar Satellite, 1962 Tembu People, 1980 Tennessee, 1862, 1863, 1864, 1865, 1866, 1867, 1869, 1870, 1874, 1875, 1877, 1878, 1882, 1912, 1884, 1887, 1894, 1901, 1908, 1919, 1923, 1925, 1927, 1940, 1946, 1952, 1956, 1957, 1960, 1968, 1974, 1975 Tennis, Women, Black, 1957 Tenochtitlán, 1325 Tentative (see Slave Ships) Terrorism, (1879), 1892, 1926, 1962 (see also Lynchings, Ku Klux Klan, Race Riots) Texas, 1829, 1840, 1845, 1865, 1868, 1874, 1876, 1878, 1880, 1881, 1890, 1893, 1898, 1890, 1893, 1898, 1903, 1906, 1913, 1916, 1917, 1919, 1920, 1921, 1927, 1930, 1931, 1932, 1941, 1942, 1943, 1947, 1952, 1956, 1960, 1976 Théâtre des Champs Élysées, 1918 Theatre Guild, 1943 Thebes, 680 BCE Theodore of Tarsus, 668 Theodoric the Ostrogoth, 493 Theodosius the Great, 379, 392 Theresa, Maria, 1740, 1780 Third World, 1972, 1973, 1974, 1976, 1978, 1979 Revolutionary Movements, 1966 Thirteenth Amendment, 1865 Thirty Years’ War, 1618, 1634, 1648 Thomas Edison Films, 1903 Thomas, Franklin, 1979 Thomas, Gerald E., 1974 Thomas, Tony, 1972 Thompson, Charles R., 1864 Thotmes III, (1950) Thompson, William, 1951 Thurman, Howard, 1953 Tiberius, 37 Tiglath-Pileser III, 745 BCE, 738 BCE, 722 BCE Tilahun, Taye, 1979 Till, Emmett, 1955 Timbuktu, 1373, 1591, 1650 Titanic (see H.M.S. Titanic) Tito, Josip Broz, 1979 Titus, 79 Togo(land), 1900, 1960, 1975, 1976, 1979 Tolan, Michael, 1973 Tolbert, William Pres., 1980 Tombalbaye, F., 1975 Torrijos, Omar, Gen., 1972, 1974, 1975 Tougaloo University, 1869 Toumontaine, Julian, 1829 Toure, Kwame, 1942, 1966 (see also Carmichael, Stokeley) Touré, Sékou, Pres., 1922, 1978, 1979 Tours, Battle, of, 732 Townsend, Williard S., 1955 Traffic Light, Invention of, 1923 Trajan, 98 TransAfrica, 1980 Transkei Bantustan, 1976, 1980 Traore, Moussa, Pres., 1980 Treaty of Alfred & Guthrum, 886 Treaty of Madrid, 1670 Treaty of Passau, 1552 Treaty of Paris (American Revolu- tion), 1783 Treaty of Ratisbon, 1680 Treaty of Ryswick, 1492fn, 1680, 1697 Treaty of San Stefano, 1875 Treaty of Tilsit, 1807 Treaty of Tordesillas, 1494 Treaty of Utrecht, 1713 Treaty of Vereeniging, 1902 Treaty of Vienna, 1815 Treaty of Westphalia, 1648 Treemonisha, 1975 Trent, Council of, 1545 Trent, William, Jr., 1944 Trilateral Commission, 1976 Trinidad, 1837, 1839, 1843, 1942, 1959, 1962, 1968, 1970, 1972, 1975, 1976 Labor, 1894 Oil in, 1866 Oil Field Riots, 1937 Spanish in, 1530 Tripoli, 1801 Trotter, Wm. Monroe, 1901, 1905, 1914 Troupe, Quincy, 1975 True Whig Party, 1980 Trujillo, Rafael, 1975 (see also Dominican Republic) Truman, Harry S., 1911, 1945, 1946, 1948, 1950, 1951, 1975 “Truman Doctrine,” 1947 Truth, Sojourner, 1843, 1850, 1852, 1883, 1942 Truxton (Virginia), 1914, 1919 Tsar Paul, 1762 Tshombe, Moïse, 1980 Tubman, Harriet, 1849, 1913 Tucker, Delores, 1971 Tucker, William, 1624 Tunis, 800 BCE Tunisia, 1881, 1956, 1966 Tupac Amaru, 1780-1781 Turfloop University, 1969 Turkey (Turks), 565, 1071, 1453, 1481, 1512, 1517, 1683, 1875, 1912, 1922 Turman, Glynn, 1973 Turner, Henry McNeal, Biship, 1834, 1893, 1894, 1901, 1915 Turner, James E., 1976 Turner, Nat, 1800, 1831 Turner, Thomas Wyatt, (1979) Tuskegee Civic Association, 1957 Tuskegee Institute, 1881, 1912, 1924, 1925, 1927, 1928, 1929, 1932, 1952 (see also B.T. Washington) Flying School, 1941, 1942 Tutankhamen, Pharaoh, 1925 Twentieth Century-Fox, 1936, 1938 Twenty-fifth Corps, 1865 Tyler, John, Pres., 1841 Tyler, Wat, 1381 Tyner, Jarvis, 1972 Typewriter, 1868 Tyson, Cicely, 1968, 1969 Uganda, 1862, 1890, 1963, 1965, 1966, 1967, 1972, 1975, 1976, 1979, 1980 Umkonto We Sizwe (see South Africa) Underground Railroad, The, 1872 UNCF (see United Negro College Fund) Uncle Tom’s Cabin, 1852, 1903, 1927 UNIA, 1917, 1918, 1919, 1920, 1921, 1922, 1923, 1926, 1928, 1934, 1938, 1975 (see also Garvey, Marcus) UNITA, 1975, 1979 Union of South Africa, (see South Africa) Union Leagues, 1867 Union Pacific Railroad, 1869 Unions, Black Labor, 1863, 1869, 1871, 1879, 1882, 1886, 1889, 1893, 1894, 1898, 1900, 1907, 1912, 1913, 1914, 1917, 1919, 1925, 1927, 1930, 1931, 1937, 1943, 1948, 1963 United Arab Republic, 1953, 1958 United Black Appeal, 1970 United Black Fund, 1970 United Colored Socialists of Amer- ica, 1929 United Farm Workers, 1973 United Fruit Co., 1885, 1974 United Nations, 1945, 1975 Congo, 1961 Palestine, 1948, 1950 San Francisco, 1945 South Africa, 1974 UNESCO, 1979 We Charge Genocide, 1951 United Negro College Fund (UNCF), 1944 U.S. and Congo National Emigra- tion Co., 1894 U.S. and Pass Laws, 1921, 1926 U.S. Armed Forces Black Generals, 1940, 1959, 1975 Black Pilots, 1941, 1942, 1943, 1944, 1974 U.S. Army Nurses, 1918, 1941, 1948 U.S. Constitutional Amendments, 1865, 1868, 1869, 1870 U.S. Intervention in Central Amer- ica & the Caribbean, 1823, 1840, 1846, 1854, 1890, 1898, 1903, 1904, 1914, 1916, 1917, 1934, 1958, 1961, 1962, 1964, 1965 U.S. Merchant Ships, Black Captains, 1942 U.S. Naval Academy, 1845 U.S. Navy, 1942, 1944, 1974, 1975 U.S. Payroll, 1946 U.S. Population, 1920 U.S. Senate, 1963 Africans in, 1841 U.S. States Colored Troops (USCT), 1863, 1864, 1865, 1866 Universal Adult Suffrage Guyana, 1945 Trinidad, 1945 Universal Association for the Im- provement of Mankind, 1904 Universal Negro Improvement Assoc. & African Communities League (see UNIA) University College of the West Indies, 1948 University of Akron, 1870 University of Cincinnati, 1819 University of Maryland, 1935 University of Toledo, 1872, 1938 Up From Slavery, 1881, 1895, 1900, 1913 Upper Volta, 1960, 1976 Urban II, 1095 Urban League (see National Urban League) Urban Rebellions (see Protest De- monstrations, Race Riots) Uruguay, 1842, 1975 Utah, 1847, 1896 Uytgeest, Van, 1626 Valmy, Battle of, 1792 Van Buren, Martin, Pres., 1837 Vandals, 337, 425, 429, 439, 455 van Rensburg, 1836 van Riebeeck, Jan, 1652, 1659 Vasco de Gama, 1497 Vashon, George, 1821, 1850 Vásquez de Ayllón, Lucas, 1526 Vassa, Gustavus (see Equiano, Olaudah) Velasco, Juan, 1972 Venda Bantustan, 1976 Venda People (see Wars of Resis- tance) Venezuela, 1783, 1811, 1816, 1821, 1830, 1972, 1973, 1974, 1975 Vermont, 1775, 1777, 1791 Veronese, Paul, 1528 Verwoerd, Hendrik F., 1960 Vesey, Denmark, 1822 Vicksburg, 1863, 1865, 1874 Victor Recording Co., 1887 Vienna, 1529, 1683 Vietnam War, 1946, 1962, 1965, 1966, 1970, 1974 Vigilance Committees, 1814, 1835, 1838, 1904, 1929 (see also UNIA, NAACP, SNCC, CORE, Nation of Islam, SCLC, Black Panthers, Urban League, NBIPP) Vilakazi, Herbert, 1980 Villon, François, 1431 Virgin Islands, U.S., 1493, 1733, 1870, 1916, 1917, 1972, 1973 Black Governor, 1971 Citizenship, 1927 Civil Rights, 1924 English in, 1625, 1865 Virginia, 1583, 1606, 1619, 1624, 1640, 1662, 1667, 1792, 1800, 1809, 1830, 1831, 1833, 1841, 1847, 1858, 1859, 1861, 1864, 1865, 1870, 1877, 1880, 1881, 1882, 1884, 1886, 1888, 1889, 1890, 1891, 1893, 1895, 1897, 1901, 1903, 1908, 1914, 1918, 1919, 1926, 1948, 1951, 1959, (1962), (1971) Poll Tax, 1966 White Slaves, 1670 Slave Code, 1705 State Song, 1940 Virginia State College, 1882 Virginia Union University, 1865 Visigoths, 410, 425 Voting and Voting Rights, 1865, 1870, 1871, 1882, 1890, 1894, 1908, 1913, 1915, 1923, 1927, 1933, 1936, 1940, 1944, 1960, 1964, 1965, 1966, 1973, 1975 Walden, A.T., 1964 Walid I, 721 Walid II, 743 Walker, C.J., Madam (see Walker, Sarah Breedlove) Walker, David, 1785, 1866 Appeal, 1829 Walker, Edward G., 1866 Walker, Edwin A., Gen., 1962 Walker, Maggie Lena, 1942 Walker, Margaret, 1942 Walker, Sarah Breedlove, 1867, 1919 Wallace, George C., Gov., 1963 Wallenstein, Albrecht Von, 1634 Waller, Fats, 1904, 1943 Wanamaker, Rodman, Musical Competition, 1927 Wankie, Battle of, 1967 War Bonds & Stamps, Black Purchasers, 1918 Ward, Erskine, 1974 Ward, Samuel Ringgold, 1817, 1839, 1843 Warders, Jessie, 1966 Warfield, William, 1920, 1951 Waring, Laura Wheeler, 1926 Warner Brothers, 1938 Warner, Thomas, Sir, 1624 War of Austrian Succession, 1741 War of Spanish Succession, 1701 Wars of Resistance in South Africa KhoiKhoi, 1662, 1673 Venda, 1898 Xhosa, 1779, 1793, 1803, 1811, 1818, 1834, 1846, 1850 War on Whites, (1979) Washington, Booker T., (1551), 1853, 1858, 1872, 1881, 1895, 1896, 1900, 1901, 1902, 1903, 1904, 1916, 1918, 1919, 1926, 1942, 1966 Atlanta Cotton Exposition Speech, 1895 Washington, E.E., Rabbi, 1979 Washington and Lee University, 1800 Washington, D.C., 1754, 1789, 1800, 1807, 1814, 1819, 1830, 1831, 1833, 1847, 1850, 1865, 1894, 1898, 1901, 1904, 1909, 1910, 1921, 1922, 1926, 1941, 1943, 1950, (1950), 1951, 1957, 1963, 1968, 1970, 1976 Segregation, 1951 Wormley Hotel, 1877 Washington, George, Pres., 1775, 1789 Washington, Madison, (1975) Watergate, 1972 Waters, Ethel, 1900, 1953, 1959, 1977 Wa Thiong’o, Ngugi, 1979 Wattles, Augustus, 1842 Watts Insurrection (see Protest Demonstrations, Race Riots) Watts, Isaac, 1707 Weaver, Robert, Dr., 1961, 1966 Webb, James Morris, 1910 Webster’s Dictionary, 1828 Welcher, Paul, 1966 Wellington, Duke of, 1852 Welsing, Frances Cress, 1970 Wesley, Charles, 1891 West Indies, 1492, 1493, 1498, 1502, 1522, 1530, 1533, 1566, 1585, 1600, 1741, 1768, 1813, 1831, 1838, 1843, 1898, 1930, 1968 (see also other headings, e.g., Slavery, Sugar Trade, Haiti, Bustamante, Caribbean, Guyana, Slave Codes, Lynch, etc.) Africans in, 1540 Chinese Immigration, 1843 English in, 1624, 1625 Immigrant Laborers, 1959 Labor Unrest, 1930 Trade Unionism, Legality of, 1943 Working Class Leaders, 1929 West Indies Federation, 1977 West Point, Blacks at, 1870, 1877 West Virginia, 1870, 1875, 1891, 1895, 1913, 1927 Westphalia, 1648 Western Empire, 476 Western Reserve College (Univer- sity), 1826, 1854, 1892 Western University, 1864 Western Sudan, 1591, 1650 Wharton, Clifton R., 1958, 1961 Wheatley, Phillis, 1761, 1773, 1784, 1905, 1911 White, George H., 1901, 1918 White, John T., 1896 White, Joseph, 1932 White, Josh, 1908 White League, 1874 White Power Restored in South, 1870, 1874, 1875, 1876 White Secret Societies, Amnesty for, 1872 White, Walter F., 1895, 1945, 1955 White, William, 1787 Whitney, Eli, 1793 Wicker, Tom, 1971 Wilberforce University, 1811, 1856, 1896, 1926 Wild Cat, 1850 Willhelm, Sidney, 1971 Wilkins, Roy, 1901, 1931, 1934, 1955 Willard, Jess, 1915 William I, 1871 William II, 1888 William, Duke of Normandy, 1066 William and Mary, Reign of, 1688 Williams, Bert, 1876, 1914, 1922 Williams, Billy Dee, 1973 Williams, Daniel Hale “Dr. Dan,” 1859, 1891, 1893, 1931 Williams, Eric, Dr., 1962, 1970 Williams, Francis, 1758 Williams, George W., 1883 Williams, Henry Sylvester, 1900 (see also Pan-African Con- gress) Williams, John A., 1924 Williams, Robert F., 1959, 1962, 1975 Williams, Yancy, 1941 Williamson, Fred, 1972 Willis, Frank, 1972 Willis, John, 1962 Wills, J. Walter, 1920 Wilson, Dooley, 1943 Wilson, Woodrow, Pres., 1913, 1916 Willamette Valley, 1843 Windhoek, 1975 Windhoek Massacre (see Massacres) Windom, William, Sen., 1879 Window Cleaner, 1892 Winfield, Paul, 1973 Winston-Salem State Univer- sity, 1892 Women, in Banking, 1867 Lawyers, 1872, 1966 Women’s Day, International, 1972 Wood, Robert H., 1870 Woods, Granville T., 1884, 1885, 1887, 1905 Woodson, Carter G., 1875, 1916, 1926, 1933, 1950 Wooing and Wedding of a Coon, The, 1905 Wooster College, 1921 Workingmen’s Association, 1894 World Black & African Festival of Arts & Culture, 1975 World Council of Churches, 1980 “World Peace Jubilee,” 1872 World’s Columbian Exhibition, 1893 World’s Fair, New York, 1939 World War I, 1914, 1917, 1918 World War II, 1939, 1943, 1944, 1945 Wounded Knee, 1973 WPA (Working People’s Alliance), 1979, 1980 WPA (Work Projects Administra- tion), 1933, 1935 Wretched of the Earth, The, 1961 Wright, Jonathon J., 1870 Wright, Orville, 1903 Wright, Richard, 1908, 1935, 1938, 1940, 1945, 1951, 1955, 1960 Wright State University, 1964 Wright, Theodore, Rev., 1837 Wu-Ti, 100 BCE Wyoming, School Segreation, 1873 Wycliffe, 1384, 1398, 1415 Xavier University (New Orleans), 1925 X-Ray, Invention of, 1895 Xerxes the Great, 465 BCE Xuma, A.B., Dr., 1940 Xuma, Naicker, Dadoo Pact, the, 1947 Yale University, 1975 Yanga, 1607-1611 “Yankee Doodle,” 178 Yarmuk, Battle of, 636 Yerby, Frank, 1916 Yette, Samuel F., 1971 YMCA, African Youth, 1909 Young, Andrew, 1976, 1977 Young, Charles R., Col., 1916, 1923 Young, Lester “Prez,” 1959 Young, Robert Alexander, 1829 Youngstown State University, 1908 Yuan Chwang, 629, 645 Yueh-Chi, the, 149 BCE Zaire, 1960, 1964, 1979, 1980 (see also Congo) Zama, Battle of, 202 BCE Zambesi River, 1967 Zambia, 1924, 1964, 1966, 1967, 1968, 1969, 1973, 1974, 1976, 1979, 1980 Portuguese in, 1967, 1968, 1969 ZANU (Zimbabwe African National Union), 1972, 1974, 1979, 1980 Zanzibar, 1840, 1976, 1980 (see also Tanzania) ZAPU (Zimbabwe African People’s Union), 1974, 1980 Zayd bin Harith, (1890) Zenobia, Queen, 267, 272 Zimbabwe, 1480, 1505, 1629, 1830, 1869, 1896, 1967, 1968, 1972, 1974, 1975, 1976, 1979, 1980 Zinjantropus, 1959 Zionism, 1973 (see also Israel) Zulu People, 1819, 1880, 1887, 1906 (see also South Africa) “Zumbi and the Republic of Os Palmares,” 1695 Zuni Pueblo, 1539 |
