Your History Online A
Chronological History of Africans
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INDEX G to N
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Your History Online A
Chronological History of Africans
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Gabon, 1960, 1976, 1979 Gagarin, Yuri, 1961 Gairy, Eric, 1972, 1974, 1975, 1976 Galatia, 278 BCE Galerius, 311 Gambia, 1965, 1976, 1980 Gamtoos River, 1770 Gandhi, Mohandas K., 1893, 1906 Gans, Joe, 1874, 1909 Garfield, James, Pres., 1871, 1875, 1880, 1881 Garnet, Henry Highland, 1815, 1835, 1839, 1853, 1865 Garrett, Jimmy, 1975 Garrido, Juan, 1519 Garrison, Wiliam Lloyd, 1806, 1831, 1835, 1879 Garner, Erroll, 1921 Garvey, Marcus, 1887, 1907, 1910, 1912, 1914, 1916, 1919, 1920, 1921, 1922, 1923, 1925, 1926, 1927, 1929, 1934, 1938, 1939, 1940 Garvin, Charles, Dr., 1919 Gates, Horatio, 1775 Gauls, 390 BCE, 278 BCE, 225 BCE Gayle, Addison, Jr., 1926, 1932 Gazankulu Bantustan, 1976 Geffard, Fabre, Gen., 1864 General Education Board, 1903, 1944 Genetics, 1976 Genocide in U.S., 1951 Genseric, 429 George III, 1760 Georgia, 1733, 1735, 1798, 1829, 1850, 1862, 1864, 1865, 1867, 1869, 1870, 1872, 1874, 1919, 1973 German Interregnum, 1250 Germans in Antiquity, 102 BCE Germany (Germans), 919, 1077, 1517, 1520, 1527, 1634, 1648, 1701, 1865, 1871, 1878, 1888, 1890, 1898, 1905, 1915, 1934, 1936, 1938, 1944 Gettysburg, Battle of, 1863 Ghana, 300, 800, 1250, 1645, 1957, 1958, 1959, 1960, 1962, 1963, 1965, 1976, 1979, 1980 Cocoa, 1900 Gold, 1965 Kingdom of, 300, 800, 1250 National Assembly of, 1957 Railway, 1965 Slavery, 1645, 1688 Ghetto Acts, 1946 Gibbs, Mifflin W., (1975) Gibraltar, 1704 Gibson, Althea, 1957 Gibson, James M., 1969 Gifford, Bernard R., Dr., 1973 Gillespie, John Birks “Dizzy,” 1917 Gilmore, Patrick S., 1872 Gilpin, Charles S., 1878, 1920, 1930 Giotto, 1266 Giovanni, Nikki, 1943 Glenn, John, Jr., 1961, 1962 Godfrey of Bouillon, 1099 God that Failed, The, 1935 Gold, South Africa, 1886 “Gold Rush,” 1849 Golden Gate International Exposi- tion, 1939 Gomillion, Charles G., 1957 Gompers, Samuel, 1917 Goodman, Andrew, 1964 “Good Neighbor Policy,” 1933 Gordon, C.W. “Chinese,” 1885 Gordon, George W., 1865 Gorée Island, 1444 (see also Slavery) Goths, 247, 251, 276, 321, 337, 553 Government, Blacks in, 1866, 1868, 1869, 1870, 1871, 1872, 1873, 1875, 1876, 1877, 1881, 1889, 1895, 1948, 1949, 1950, 1951, 1953, 1955, 1957, 1958, 1961, 1966, 1969, 1971, 1972, 1974, 1975 Grachus, Gaius, 212 BCE Graham, Shirley L. (see DuBois, Shirley G., Mrs.) Grambling State University, 1901 Grand Central Theatre (Cleve- land), 1912 “Grandfather Clause,” 1915 Granger, Gen., 1865 Granicus, Battle of, 334 BCE Grant, Ulysses S., Pres., 1864, 1869, 1871 Grant, William S., 1896 Gravely, Samuel L., Capt., 1962, 1971 Great Depression, 1929 Great Khan, 1369 Great Mongul, 1556, 1605, 1628, 1658, 1707 Great Plague, 164, 590, 1348 Great Schism, 1378, 1417 Great Steel Strike, 1919 Great Wall of China, 214 BCE Greeks, 776 BCE, 735 BCE, 490 BCE, 480 BCE Greeley, Horace, 1841 Green, Ernest, 1958 “Green Pastures,” 1939 Green, S. Clayton, 1902 Green, Shields, 1859 Greener, Richard T., 1873 Greer, Julia L., 1975 Gregory, Dick, 1968 Gregory the Great, Pope, 590 Grenada, 1763, 1865, 1972, 1974, 1975, 1976, 1977 Grenada United Labor Party, 1974 Grier, Pam, 1972 Griffith, D.W., 1910, 1913, 1915, 1918, 1922 Griggs, Sutton, 1899 Griqualand East, 1867 Guadeloupe, 1801 Guantánamo, 1958, 1977 (see also Cuba) Guatemala, 1839, 1974, 1975 Guerrero, Vincente, 1820-1821 Guevara, Ernesto “Che,” 1967 Guggenheim, Simon, Foundation, 1925 Guillermo, Pedro, 1888 Guiana, French (see French Guiana) Guinea, 1956, 1958, 1979, 1980 Peace Corps, 1961 People’s Army, 1959 Republic of, 1973 (see also Sékou Touré) Guinea-Bissau, 1959, 1961, 1963, 1965, 1973, 1974, 1980 Liberation Fighters, 1965 Guiscard, Robert, 1082 Gumede, J.T., 1927 Gutenberg, Johann, 1450 Guyana (British Guiana), 1831, 1841, 1842, 1865, 1858, 1865, 1868, 1895, 1917, 1943, 1945, 1950, 1966, 1968, 1972, 1974, 1975, 1976, 1978, 1979 Agricultural Movement, 1895 Bauxite, 1868, 1974 Dutch in, 1598 Labor Union, 1919 Pan-Boilers, 1882 Politics, 1950, 1964 Riots, 1869, 1889 University of, 1962 Gyges, 664 BCE Haarlem, Dutch Trading Ship, 1647 Hadrian, 117 Haiti, 1743, 1779, 1791, 1802, 1803, 1816, 1829, 1844, 1862, 1863, 1864, 1869, 1904, 1913, 1915, 1922, 1968, (1971), 1972, 1974, 1975, 1977, 1978 Cuba, 1902 Liberation of, 1922 U.S. in, 1890, 1934 Hal Roach Comedies, 1930 Hale, John P., 1852 Hall, Charles, Lt., 1943 Hall, James C., 1969 Hall, Prince, 1787 Hamer, Fannie Lou, 1918, 1962, 1964, 1977 Hamilton, Alexander, 1804 Hammerskjold, Dag, 1961, 1980 Hammon, Jupiter, 1760, 1761 Hampton Institute, 1839, 1861, 1868, 1882, 1889, 1924 (see also Education) Han Dynasty, 100 BCE, 220 AD Hand, Pamela, 1868 Handy, W.C., 1873, 1912, 1914, 1977 Hannibal, 218 BCE, 216 BCE, 202 BCE Hannibal, Ivan, (1975) Hanno, 470 BCE Hansberry, Lorraine, 1959, 1965 Harding, Warren G., Pres., 1921, 1923 Harlem, 1903, 1907, 1914, 1927, 1973 Black Businesses in, 1921 Black Population, 1920 Death Rate, 1923 Community Theatre Organiza- tion, 1924 Renaissance, 1920 (see also New York) Harmon, William E., Foundation, 1926 Harney, Michael C., 1884 Haroun-al-Raschid, 786 Harpe Brothers, the, (1962) Harper, Frances, 1854 Harper’s Ferry, 1859 Harris, Patricia Roberts, 1976 Harris Teachers College, 1857 Harrison, Benjamin, Pres., 1889, 1892 Harrison, Hubert, 1927 Harrison, Richard B., 1930 Harrison, William Henry, 1841 Harvard University, 1636, 1892, 1922, 1974, 1975 Black Graduates, 1873, 1896 Hastie, William H., 1937, 1943, 1946, 1949 Hatcher, Andrew, 1960 Hatcher, Richard C., 1967 Hatshepsut, 1526 BCE Haverly, Jack, 1881 Hawaii, 1898 Hawkins, John, Gen., 1965 Hawkins, John, Sir, 1562 Hawkins, William, 1530 Hay, Byron Philip, 1975 Hayes, Rutherford B., Pres., 1877 Hayden, Robert, 1913 Hayes, Roland, 1887 Hayes-Tilden Compromise, 1877 Hayne, Henry E., 1873 Heads of a Negro,” (1890) Healy, James Augustine, 1830, 1854, 1875, 1900 Healy, Patrick Francis, 1865, 1874 Heard, Nathan C., 1973 Heart Surgery, 1893 Heath, Gordon, 1959 Hegira of Muhammad, 622 Hehe People, 1891 (see also Tanzania) Henderson, Alice M., 1974 Henderson, Donald M., 1966 Henderson, Fletcher, 1924, 1952 Henry IV, 1077 Henry VIII, 1509, 1530, 1547 Henry the Fowler, 919 Henry the Navigator, 1441, 1444 Hensley, Howard D., 1972 Henson, Matthew A., 1866, 1909 Hepburn, Philip, 1953 Heraclea, 280 BCE Heraclius, 610, 627, 636 Here I Stand, 1976 Hersey, 1318 Herndon, Angelo, 1932 Herndon, Calvin C., 1966 Herndon, Milton, 1936 Herodotus, 484 BCE, 438 BCE, 429 BCE Herskovits, Melville, 1940 Heureaux, Ulises, 1888 Heyn, Piet, 1626 Hicks, Milton Leon, 1973 Hill, Oliver, W., 1948 Hill, David (see Washington, E.E., Rabbi) Hill, Robert B., 1971 Himes, Chester, 1909, 1945 Hippocrates, 400 BCE Hiroshima, 1945 Hispaniola, Africans in, 1560, 1562 Hitler, Adolph, 1934, 1938 H.M.S. Lucitania, 1915, 1917 H.M.S. Neptune, 1818 H.M.S. Titanic, 1912 Hodgson, Frederick, Sir, 1900 Holland (Dutch), 1596, 1609, 1619, 1625, 1626, 1630, 1632, 1647, 1652, 1672, 1717, 1722, 1770, 1801, 1803, 1806, 1831, 1974, 1975, 1979 Holliday, Billie, 1938, 1959 Holmes, Hamilton, 1961 Holsinger, Joseph, 1978 Holt, George W., 1925 Honduras, 1890, 1912, 1974, 1975 Honey Springs, Battle, of 1863 Honorius, 395 Hoover, Herbert, Pres., 1929 Hoover, J. Edgar, 1980 Horne, Lena, 1917, 1940, 1943, 1957, 1969 Horse, John, Chief, 1837 Horses in Egypt, 1600 BCE Horton, George, 1829 Horus, 390 Hospitals, Number of Beds in U.S., 1928 Hot Comb, 1920 House Un-American Activities Commission (HUAC), 1924 House of Israel, 1979 House of Wills (Cleveland), 1920 Housing Segregation Laws, 1912 (see also Discrimination) Houston-Tillotson University, 1952 Howard, Ruth, 1934 Howard University, 1867, 1871, 1872, 1924, 1925, 1926, 1976 HUD (Dept. of Housing and Urban Development), 1976 Hughes, Langston, 1902, 1926, 1930, 1935 Hulagu Khan, 1258 Huns, 425 Hunt, Nelson, 1965 Hunter, Charlayne, 1961 Hunter, David, Gen., 1862 Hunter, Jane Edna, 1905, 1911, 1919 Hurston, Zora Neale, 1937 Huss, John, 1398, 1415 Hussites, 1420, 1431, 1436 Hutchinson, Barbara, 1974 Hutton, Bobby, 1968 Hyksos, 1600 BCE Hystaspes, 521 BCE “If We Must Die,” 1910 Illinois, 1847, 1959, 1975, 1979 (see also Chicago, Race Riots, Protest Demonstrations) University of, 1868 Illiteracy (see Literacy) Illyria, 225 BCE Imbumba Yama Afrika, 1882 Imhotep, 400 BCE Immigration, East Indians to the West Indies, 1834, 1838, 1841, 1843, 1858, 1917 to South Africa, 1860 West Indians to U.S., 1918, 1919 Immigration Act, U.S., 1924 Imperialism, 1846, 1854, 1860, 1880, 1884, 1900, 1917, 1973 Imperium in Imperio, 1899 Income (see Black GNP) Indentured Servitude, 1626 Emigration, Prohibition of East Indian, 1885 in South Africa, 1860 “Independence, Black Declaration of,” 1970 Independent Negro Party, 1907, 1912 Indiana, North Carolina Blacks Migrate to, 1879 Indian Passive Resistance Cam- paign in South Africa, 1946 Indians (Native Americans), 1511, 1516, 1557, 1566, 1819, 1837, 1838, 1839, 1850, 1867, 1897 Reservations, 1887 Slaves, 1557 War with, 1790, 1876, 1895, 1897 Indo-Scythians, 149 BCE Industrial Workers of the World (see IWW) Ingram, Rex, 1936, 1944 Innis, Roy, 1968 Insurance Companies, Black, 1929, 1939 Internal Security Act, 1924 Inter-Racial Marriages, 1879, 1887, 1948 International Council of the Women of the Dark Races, 1922 International League of Darker People, 1919 International Migration Society, 1894 International Monetary Fund (IMF), 1974 International Socialist League, 1915 International Women’s Day, 1973 International Commerce Commis- sion, 1961 Inventions by Africans, 1846, 1876, 1881, 1876, 1884, 1885, 1887, 1890, 1892, 1894, 1896, 1897, 1898, 1899, 1900, 1902, 1905, 1912, 1920 Invisible Man, The, 1952 Iran, 1974, 1978 Iraq, 1976, 1979 Ireland, 1690 Black Sea-Rovers, (1975) Isabella, Queen, 1502, 1510 Isandhlwana, Battle of, 1879 Islam, 1071, 1480, 1804, 1980 Nation of, 1897, 1934, 1960, 1962 in Bermuda, 1975 Israel, 1975, 1976, 1980 Lost Ten Tribes, 722 BCE Ita, Pieter, 1626 Italians, 89 BCE Italy, 1862, 1912, 1922 Fascists (see Fascism) Rome, 1871 War with Ethiopia, 1885, 1896, 1935 Ivan III, 1480 Ivan the Terrible, 1547 Ivonet, Pedro, 1907, 1912 Ivory Coast (Côte d'Ivoire), 1960, 1975 IWW (Industrial Workers of the World), African Membership, 1919, 1925 Jack, Hulan, 1953 Jackson, Andrew, Pres., 1814, 1815, 1819, 1829 Jackson, Emory, 1931 Jackson, George, 1972, 1975 Jackson, Jesse, 1941 Jackson, Leonard, 1973 Jackson, Mahalia, 1911 Jackson, Saunders, 1848 Jackson State College, 1877, 1970 Jacobin Republic, 1794 Jacobin Revolution, 1791 Jacquerie (see France, Peasant Revolt) Jagan, Cheddi, 1950, 1978 Jamaica, 1663, 1766, 1773, 1776, 1831, 1914, 1962, 1968, 1972, 1974, 1976, 1977 Banana Exporting, 1869 Crown Colony Government, 1865 Cuba, 1902 English Colonize, 1655 Labor Riots, 1937 Maroons, 1690, 1734, 1739 Revolts, 1745, 1760, 1762, 1769, 1865 James I, 1603, 1618 James II, 1688 James, C.L.R., 1791, 1948 James, Daniel “Chappie,” Gen., 1975 James, Olga, 1954 Jamestown, 1619 Japan, 1638, 1910, 1917, 1923, 1924, 1937, 1941, 1945, 1976 China, 1894, 1937 Feudalism, 1871 Open Door Policy, 1865 Russia, 1904 Jarboro, Caterina, 1933 Java, 1596 Jazz “Migration,” 1917 Jefferson, Blind Lemon, 1930 Jefferson, Thomas, Pres., 1785, 1798, 1801, 1826 Jeffries, Jim, 1910 Jehan, Shah, 1628 Jehangir, 1605 “Jelly Roll Blues,” 1915 Jengis Khan, 1214, 1218, 1227 Jenne, 765 Jerusalem, 586 BCE, 638, 1099, 1187 Jesuits, 1539, 1549, 1556, 1767 Jesus of Nazareth, 4 BCE Jet Magazine, 1918 Jihad, Islamic, 1851 “Jim Crow,” 1828, 1881, 1948, 1960 Joan of Arc, 1429 “Jobs for Negroes” Campaign, 1929 Jockeys, Black, 1875 John III, 1683 John Birch Society, 1978 Johnson, Andrew, Pres., 1865 Johnson, Arlene, 1933 Johnson, Charles S., 1923, 1930, 1952 Johnson, Helen Armstead, 1975 Johnson, Jack, 1878, 1910, 1946 Johnson, James Weldon, 1871, 1873, 1900, 1912 Johnson, John H., 1918 Johnson, J. Rosamund, 1873, 1900 Johnson, L.B., Pres., 1960, 1963, 1965, 1967 Johnson, Noble, 1932 Johnson, Paul, Lt. Gov., 1962 Johnson, Robert, 1911 Johnson, Willie, 1884 Johnston, Harry, 1887, 1890 Jonathan, Leabua, 1979 Jones, A. William, 1928 Jones, Absalom, 1787 Jones, Albert, 1858 Jones, Clare, 1975 Jones, James Earl, 1969, 1970 Jones, Jim, 1978, 1979 Jones, LeRoi (see Baraka, Amiri) Jones, Quincy, 1967 Jones, Sissiertta, 1892 “Jonestown and the CIA,” 1978 Joplin, Scott, 1899, 1915, 1975 Josiah, 608 BCE Journal of Negro History, 1922 Journalism, Black, 1843, 1847, 1856 (see also Newspapers, Journals) Juárez, Benito, 1861, 1872 Jubilee Singers (see Fisk Academy and Normal School) Juilliard School of Music, 1923 Judges, Black, 1937, 1939, 1945, 1964, 1966 Julian the Apostate, 361 Julian, Percy, 1936, 1963 Jumbe, Aboud, 1980 “June ‘Teenth,” 1865 Just, Ernest E., 1915 Justice Department, Black Peonage, 1907 (see also Commission on Slavery) Justinian, 527, 529, 565 “Kaffir War,” 1770 Kanishka, 150 Kansas, 1880, 1898, 1899, 1903, 1917, 1925, 1970 Kansas-Nebraska Act, 1854 Karamu House, 1915 Karenga, Maulana, 1966 Kawaida Black Value System, 1966 Kwanzaa, 1966 Karugu, James, 1980 Kaufman, Irving, 1961 Kaunda, Kenneth, Pres., 1924, 1980 Kavadh II, 628 Keita, Mobido, 1915 Kellor, Frances, 1905 Kelly, George, 1897 Kelly, Jim, 1973 Kemal, Mustafa, 1922 Kennedy, J.F., Pres., 1960, 1961, 1962, 1963, 1979 Kent State Normal School (Univer- sity), 1915, 1965, 1966, 1968, 1970, 1973 Kentucky, 1956, 1973 Segregation, 1874 Kentucky Derby, 1875 Kentucky State College, 1886 Kenya, 1000 BCE, 1891, 1963, 1966, 1967, 1976, 1980 Mau Mau Rebellion, 1952 Kenya African National Union (KANU), 1979 Kenya People’s Union, 1979 Kenyatta, Jomo, Pres., 1891, 1979 Khama, Seretse, Sir, 1980 Khartoum, 1885 Khomeini, Ayatollah, 1978 Khrushchev, Nikita J., 1958 Kiau-Chau (China), 1898 Killens, John O., 1916 Kilwa, 1505 Kin Empire, 1138, 1234 “King Alfred Plan, The,” 1924 King, Coretta Scott, 1975 King, Martin Luther, Jr., Rev., 1929, 1955, 1956, 1957, 1958, 1961, 1962, 1963, 1964, 1966, 1968, 1975 Kissinger, Henry, 1974, 1976, 1977 Kiswahili, 1915, 1967, 1979 Kitt, Eartha, 1958, 1968 Knights of Labor, 1886 Knights of the Pythias, 1870 Knoetze, Kallie, 1979 Knox College, 1868 Knoxville College, 1875 Koen, Charles, Rev., 1975 |
Kongo (see Congo)
Korea, 1910 Korean Conflict, 1950 Kosciuszko, Thaddeus, 1798 Kotane, Moses, 1946, 1955, 1975 Kountche, Seynmi, Pres., 1980 Kraus, Allison, 1970 Krum of Bulgaria, 811 Krussa, Ali, (1975) Kublai Khan, 1251, 1260, 1269, 1280, 1292 Ku Klux Klan, 1865, 1867, 1870, 1914, 1920, 1922, 1923, 1924, 1975 Kush, 670 BCE, 593 BCE, 23 BCE, 20 BCE, 1973 Kwayana, Eusi, 1979 KwaZulu Bantustan, 1976, 1979 la Amistad, 1839 Ladner, Joyce, 1943 Lafayette Stock Company (Harlem), 1914 Lafitte, Jean, 1817 Lambert, William, 1842 Land Grant Colleges (Universities), 1847, 1862, 1873, 1886, 1887, 1890, 1896, 1897 Lane College, 1882 Lane Seminary, 1834 Laney, Lucy Craft, 1854 Langston, John Mercer, 1834, 1853, 1855 La Negrita, (1980) Langston University, 1897, 1929 Langalibalele, 1873 Lantern or Lamp, 1884 Lao Tse, 550 BCE “Lapjacket” Contests, 1877 (see also Black Cowboys) Lara, Lucio, 1979 “La revue nègre,” 1925 Lateef, Yusef, 1975 Latimer, George, 1842 Latimer, Lewis, 1876, 1881 Latin America, 1821, 1823, 1840, 1846, 1904, 1918, 1940, 1960, 1974, 1975 Latino, Juan, 1546, 1557, 1573 Latvian Shipping Co., 1978 Lautier, Louis, 1956 Lawn Sprinkler, 1897 Lawrence, Jacob, 1917 Laws Affecting Black Americans, 1641, 1655, 1662, 1664, 1667, 1685, 1695, 1735, 1777, 1778, 1787, 1793, 1798, 1804, 1808, 1820, 1825, 1827, 1829, 1830, 1831, 1833, 1843, 1845, 1849, 1850, 1853, 1854, 1857, 1860, 1861, 1862, 1865, 1866, 1867, 1868, 1869, 1870, 1871, 1872, 1873, 1874, 1875, 1876, 1883, 1884, 1891, 1894, 1896, 1897, 1898, 1906, 1912, 1915, 1917, 1922, 1924, 1925, 1938, 1941, 1944, 1948, 1957, 1963, 1964, 1965, 1966 Laws, Sam, 1972 Lawson, John, 1864 “Lead Belly” (see Leadbetter) Leadbetter, Huddie, 1949 League for the Protection of Colored Women, 1905 League of Nations, 1929, 1930 Mandates, 1922, 1926 League of Struggle for Negro Rights, 1930 Leakey, Mary & L.S.B., 1959 “Learn Trades or Starve,” 1853 Leavenworth Federal Prison, 1975 Lebanon, 1979 Lebowa Bantustan, 1976 Le Clerc, François, 1554 Le Code Noir, 1685 (see also Black Codes) Lee, Canada, 1952 Lee, Fitzhugh, 1864 Lee, Robert E., 1862, 1864 Arming of Slaves, 1865 Leeuwenhoek, 1632 Lemon Squeezer, 1896 l’Enfant, Pierre Charles, 1754 Legislative Union of Ireland & England, 1800 Legislatures, Blacks in State & Federal (see Black Reconstruction, Blacks in Politics) Leidesdorff, William, (1809), 1841 Lemoyne College, 1869 Lend-Lease Agreement, 1941 Lenin Peace Prize, 1978 Lenin, Vladimir Ilyich, 1917 Leo III, 795 Leonard Sofa Bed Co., 1902 Leopold I, 1830 Leopold II, 1876, 1884 Lepanto, Battle of, 1573 Les Cenelles, 1845 Lesotho, 1966, 1979, 1980 Let Me Live, 1933 Let My People Go, 1829, 1834, 1850, 1865, 1867, 1869 Lewis, Anthony, 1892 Lewis, Gilbert, 1973 Lewis, John, 1958 Lewis, Lyda, 1973 Lewis, Oliver, 1875 Lewis, William H., 1892, 1911, 1923 Lewis & Clark, 1804 Liberator, The, (see Garrison, Wm. L.) Liberia, 470 BCE, 1809, 1821, 1826, 1847, 1862, 1878, 1923, 1943, 1965, 1979 British and French in, 1893 Liberia College, 1881, 1882 (see also Blyden, E.W.) Liberty Party, 1839, 1840, 1843, 1844, 1847 Liberty Photoplays, Inc., 1929 Liberty University, 1926 Libya, 1912, 1952, 1965, 1976, 1979, 1980 Life and Writings of Frederick Douglass, 1876 Life Expectancy, Blacks, 1910, 1928 “Lift Ev’ry Voice and Sing,” 1873, 1900 Lima, José Lezama, 1976 Limann, Hilla, 1979 Lincoln, Abby, 1968 Lincoln, Abraham, 1809, 1860, 1861, 1862, 1864, (1975) Assassination, 1865 Black Veterans, 1865 Deportation of Blacks, 1862 Emancipation Proclamation, 1863 “Eye-for-an-Eye Order,” 1863 Lincoln-Douglas Debates, 1858 Lincoln Memorial, 1922 Lincoln University Missouri, 1866 Pennsylvania, 1854 Lind, Jenny, 1850 Lisle, George, 1782 Little Big Horn, Battle of the, 1876 Liuzzo, Viola, 1965 Livingston College, 1879 Livingston, David, 1854 Lobengula, 1887, 1893 Lobotomy, 1935 Locke, Alain L., 1886, 1907, 1925 Lockhart, Calvin, 1970 Lodge Bill, the, 1891 Lombards, 579 Lome Treaty, 1975 Loncq, Hendrick, 1626 Long, Amos E., 1898 Long, Jefferson, P., 1869 Long Struggle for Black Power, The, 1957 Looby, Z. Alexander, 1951, 1960 Lorraine Motel, 1975 Lord Dunmore, 1775 Lord Verulam (see Bacon, Francis) Los Angeles, 1750, 1781, 1965, 1973 Brotherhood Crusade, 1951 Lost Ten Tribes of Israel, 722 BCE Loudin, Frederick, 1875 Jubilee Singers, 1875 Louis, Joe, 1914, 1935, 1936, 1938 Louis the Pious, 843 Louis IX, 1244, 1250, 1270 Louis XIV, 1643, 1701 Louis XVI, 1774, 1791, 1793 Louis XVIII, 1814 Louisiana, 1811, 1815, 1830, 1846, 1850, 1860, 1862, 1863, 1864, 1865, 1867, 1870, 1873, 1874, 1875, 1880, 1881, 1885, 1890, 1896, 1897, 1898, 1901, 1917, 1922, 1923, 1925, 1935, 1953,1960, 1962, 1972 Blacks in Government, 1868, 1872 White Rule, 1876 Louisiana Purchase, 1802, 1820 Louisiana State University, 1860 l’Ouverture, Toussaint, 1743, 1791, 1802, 1803 (see also Haiti) Love, John Lee, 1897 Love, Nat “Deadwood Dick,” 1868 Lowry, Henry Berry, (1979) Lubin, Sigmund, 1911, 1914 Lucitania (see H.M.S. Lucitania) Lucy, Autherine J., 1956 Lumumba, Patrice, 1961 Lunceford, Jimmy, 1902, 1947 Lunda Empire, 1648, 1750 (see also Angola) Lusaka Agreement, 1974 Lusaka Declaration of Unity, 1974 Luther, Martin, 1517, 1546 Lutuli, Albert J., Chief, 1952, 1955, 1961, 1967 Lynch, John R., 1884 Lynch, Willie, 1712 Lynchings, 1882, 1883, 1884, 1886, 1887, 1888, 1889, 1891, 1892, 1893, 1894, 1895, 1896, 1897, 1898, 1899, 1902, 1911, 1915, 1917, 1918, 1920, 1921, 1922, 1923, 1924, 1925, 1926, 1927, 1928, 1929, 1932, 1937, 1939, 1942, 1943, 1944, 1945, 1952, 1955, 1959 Mabley, Jackie “Moms,” 1923 Macedonia, 359 BCE, 336 BCE, 200-197 BCE Maceo, Antonio, 1876, 1895-1898, 1895 Machiavelli, Niccolò, 1512 Machel, Samora, Pres., 1974 Madagascar, 1947, 1960, 1965, 1976 Colonization of, 1641 French in, 1947 Madison, James, Pres., 1809 Madrid, Treaty of, 1670 Magellan, 1519 Magna Charta, 1215, 1628 Maguire, Liam, 1974 Mahabane, Z.R., 1924, 1937 Mahdi, 1885 Majapahit, 1293 Maji Maji War, 1905 Majuba Hill, Battle of, 1881 Makanda, 1818 Make, Vusumzi, 1979 Makgatho, S.M., 1917 Malagasy Republic (see Madagascar) Mahlangu, Solomon, 1979 Malan, Daniel F., 1953 Malawi, 1964, 1975, 1980 Malcolm X (see el-Shabazz, el-Hajj Malik) Mali, 1230, 1450, 1915, 1980 Mallory, Mae, 1962 Malloum, General, 1975 Malone, Vivian, 1965 Malthus, Thomas, 1766 Manassas (see Bull Run) Manchu Dynasty, 1644 Mandela, Nelson, 1943, 1961, 1962, 1963, 1980 Mandingo, 1250 Mange, James, 1979 Mangu, Khan, 1251 Manhattan, Population Density, 1914, 1925 (see also New York) Mani, 242, 277 Manichaeism, 242 Manifest Destiny, 1840, 1870 Manley, Michael, 1972, 1974, 1977 Mann Act, 1915 Mann, Thomas, 1955 Mansa Musa, 1230, 1325, 1375 Mantegna, Andrea, 1431 Manumission (see Emancipation, Slavery) Man Who Cried I Am, The, 1924 Maple Grove Cemetary (Ravenna, Oh.), 1975 Marathon, Battle of, 490 BCE Marches on Washington, 1894, 1941, 1963, 1968 Marie Antoinette, 1791, 1793 Marius, 102 BCE, 86 BCE Marks, J.B., 1946 Maroons, 1519, 1655, 1685, 1690, 1726-1728, 1734, 1739, 1780, 1795 Marozia, 928 Marseilles, 1318 Marshall, Peter Murray, 1949 Marshall, Thurgood, 1908, 1961, 1965 Martel, Charles, 721, 732, 751 Martin, d’Urville, 1973 Martinique, 1961, 1979 Martin, Richard, 1973 Marx, Karl, 1848, 1864, 1883, 1890 Marxism, 1964, 1973, 1975, 1980 Maryland, 1776, 1791, 1809 Anti-Miscegenation Law, 1664 (see also Miscegenation) Martial Law, 1963 Slave Laws, 1695 Univeristy of, 1935 Mason-Dixon Line, 1776 Mashonaland, 1890 Massachusetts, 1630, 1636, 1638, 1723, 1773, 1777, 1783, 1822, 1825, 1828, 1829, 1830, 1831, 1832, 1835, 1838, 1842, 1849, 1851, 1854, 1863, 1865, 1866, 1868, 1872, 1874, 1878, 1895, 1896, 1901, 1923, 1960, 1963, 1966, 1974 Constitution, 1783 House of Representatives, 1866 Massacres Bulhoek, 1921 Burundi, 1971 Carrollton, 1886 Colfax, 1873 Coushatta, 1875 Fort Pillow, 1864 Mueda, 1960 Pidjiguiti, 1959 Poison Spring, 1864 Rosewood, 1923 Sharpeville, 1960 Turkish, 1875 Windhoek, 1959 Matanzas (see Cuba) Mather, Cotton, 1693 Mau Mau Rebellion (see Kenya) Mauritania, 1960, 1976, 1980 Mauritius, 1976, 1979 Maximilian I, 1493 Maximilian, Emperor, 1864, 1867 Mazrui, Ali, 1970 McAlester Prison, 1973 McCarran Act, 1924 McClellan, George B., 1862 McDaniel, Hattie, 1939 McGee, Vonetta, 1973 McHenry, Donald, 1979 McHenry, Jerry, 1979 McKay, Claude, 1890, 1911, 1948 McKinley, William, Pres., 1896, 1901 McKissick, Floyd, 1922, 1968 McNair, Barbara, 1968 Mecca, 627, 629 Medes, 606 BCE Medhani Alem, Temple of, (1870) Medico-Chirurgical Society, 1884 (see also National Medical Asso- ciation) Megiddo, Battle of, 608 BCE Meharry Medical College, 1877 Melanin, 1970 Menahem, 738 BCE Menéndez, Pedro, 1565 Mercenaries, 1972, 1974, 1976, 1979 Meredith, James, H., 1962, 1963, 1966 Meroë (see Kush) Merrimac (see C.S.S. Merrimac) Merritt Junior College, 1966 “Message to the Grassroots,” 1963 Messenger, The, 1917 Methadone (see “Africa’s Costly Over- dose”) Methodism, 1760 Metropolitan Opera Co., 1883, 1951, 1966 Mexican Cession, 1848 “Mexican Zoot Suit Riots,” 1943 Mexico, 1537, 1547, 1551, 1605, 1607-1611, 1612, 1622, 1646, 1665, 1767, 1793, 1817, 1820-1821, 1824, 1829, 1840, 1863, 1864, 1867, 1914, 1972, 1973, 1974, 1975, 1976, 1978 Mfecane, 1819 Miami University (Ohio), 1809 Micheaux Film Corp., 1924, Micheaux, Oscar, 1915, 1918, 1926, 1930, 1932, 1933 Michelsen, Alfonso López, 1972 Michigan, 1837 Microscope, Invention of, 1632 Mifflin, James, 1864 Migration, U.S. Africans, 1879, 1880, 1905, 1914, 1916, 1920, 1923 Mihiragula, 528 Miles, Alexander, 1887 Miles College, 1907 Military Bands, 1792 Military Drill Club, 1861, 1929 Military, Women in, 1941, 1974 Miller, Dorie, 1941 Miller, Jeffrey, 1970 Miller, Kelly, 1927 Millikens Bend, Battle of, 1863 Miners, 1927 Mind of Primitive Man, The, 1911 Ming Dynasty, 1368, 1644 Ming, Robert, 1957 Mingus, Charlie, 1922, 1968 Mini, Vuyisile, 1964 Minor Society, 1810 Minstrels, 1842, 1843, 1865, 1881, 1975 Minton’s Playhouse Jazz Ses- sions, 1941 Minutemen, 1775 Mirror for Liberty, 1838 Miscegenation, 1664, 1887, 1948 Mis-Education of the Negro, 1919 1933 Mississippi, 1973, 1975 Blacks in Government, 1870 Constitutional Convention, 1890 Freedom Democratic Party, 1964 Mississippi Freedom Project, 1964 Mississippi Plan, the, 1875, 1890 Missouri Compromise, 1820 Mitchell, Arthur L., 1934 Mitchell, Charlene, 1968 Mitchell, John N., 1972, 1980 Mitchell, P.R., 1857 Mithraism, 361-363 Mithridates the Great, 64 BCE Mkultra (see Behavior Modifica- tion, Jonestown) Mobile Bay, Battle of (see Alabama) Modisane, Bloke, 1963 Moesia, 6 Mohawk Realty Company, 1900 Molineaux, Tom, 1784 Mollison, Irving C., 1945 Mondlane, Eduardo, 1920, 1969 Mongol Yuan Dynasty, 1368 Mongolians, 53 BCE, 1234, 1240, 1241 “Mongoose Gang,” 1972, 1974 Moniz, Egas, 1935 Monk, Thelonius, 1942 “Monkey Trial” (see Scopes, John) Monogram Films, 1937 Monomotapa, 1629 Monroe Doctrine, 1823, 1904 Monroe, James, Pres., 1817 Monroe, N.C., 1958, 1959, 1962 Montt, Efraín Ríos, 1974 Monterey Jazz Festivals, 1958 Montgomery, Wes, 1923 Montserrat, 1972 Moore, Archie, 1952 Moore, Lisa, 1972 Moore, Richard, 1980 Moorish American Science Temples, 1913, 1928 (see also Ali, Noble Drew) Moors (Saracens), 732 Mootoo, Leslie, 1978 Moravian Settlement, 1741 Morehouse College, 1867, 1869, 1970 Morgan, Garrett A., 1920, 1923 Morgan, Ross J., Capt., (1890) Morgan State College, 1867 Mormons, 1847 Morrill Land Grant College Act, 1862, 1890 (see also Land Grant Colleges) Morris Brown College, 1881 Morocco, 1415, 1591, 1912, 1924, 1962, 1976, 1979 Morrow, E.F., 1955 Morse, S.F.B., 1837 Morton, Ferdinand “Jelly Roll,” 1915, 1923, 1938 Mossadegh, Muhammad, 1974 Moshoeshoe, 1824, 1851, 1858, 1868 Motley, Constance Baker, 1966 (see also NAACP) Motley, Willard, 1912 Mott, Bob, 1903 Mound Bayou (Miss.), 1835, 1865, 1914 Mozambique, 1729, 1960, 1961, 1964, 1965, 1967, 1973, 1974, 1975, 1979, 1980 MPLA (Popular Movement for the Liberation of Angola), 1956, 1961, 1974, 1975, 1979 Mqhayi, S.E.K., 1897 Mtshali, Eric, 1975 Muawija, 661, 668, 675 Mueda Massacre (see Massacres) Mugabe, Robert, Pres., 1979, 1980 Muhammad, 570, 622, 623, 628, 629, 632, 661 Muhammad, Elijah, The Honor- able, 1897, 1942, 1960, 1975 (see also Nation of Islam) Muhammad, Murtala, Gen., 1975 Muhammad, Nathaniel, 1975 Muhammad II, Sultan, 1481 Muhammad, Wallace D., 1975 Mulzac, Hugh, 1942 Munich Pact, 1938 Muse, Clarence, 1926, 1931 Museum of Black Theatre History, 1975 Muslims (Moslems), 570, 622, 623, 628, 629, 632, 636, 661, 711, 732, 1071, 1804 (see also Islam, Saracens) Mussolini, 1922, 1935, 1943 Mutema, 1420 BCE Mutual Improvement Society, 1879 Mvemba, Nzinga, 1506 Mycale, Battle of, 479 BCE Mylae, Battle of, 260 BCE Mzilikazi, 1830, 1836, 1837, 1887 NAACP, 1890, 1909, 1910, 1912, 1913, 1914, 1915, 1918, 1922, 1931, 1932, 1933, 1935, 1955, 1958, 1961 Haiti, 1922, 1925 Legal Defence & Educational Fund, 1939 National Anti-Lynching Con- ference, 1919 Segregation, 1925, 1919, 1933, 1934, 1951, 1962 Springarn Medal Awards, 1914, 1915 Teachers’ Pay Differentials, 1936 U.N., 1947 Nagasaki, 1945 Namibia (South West Africa), 1914, 1915, 1922, 1959, 1969, 1974, 1975, 1976, 1979, 1980 Napoleon III, 1851, 1870 Natakamani, 20 BCE Nation of Islam, 1897, 1930, 1932, 1934, 1960, 1964, 1965, 1975 National Afro-American League, 1890 National Alliance of Postal Workers, 1913 National Anthem, Black, 1873, 1900 National Anti-Slavery Standard, 1840 National Association of Colored Women, 1896 National Association of Negro Busi- ness and Professional Women’s Clubs, 1935 National Association of Negro Musicians, 1919, 1968 National Baptist Convention, 1895, 1915 National Benefit Insurance Com- pany, 1898 National Black Independent Poli- tical Party (NBIPP), 1980 National Black Political Assembly, 1972, 1975 National Black Political Convention, 1972, 1973, 1980 National Black United Fund, 1974 National Civil War Centennial Commission, 1961 National Committee of Black Churchmen, 1970 National Convention of Colored Men, 1864 National Convention of Colored People, 1883 National Council of Churches, 1980 National Council of Colored Peo- ple, 1853 National Council of Negro Women, 1935 |
National Era, 1847 National Ethiopian Art Theatre School, 1924 National Fiction Award, 1952 National Independent League, 1912 National Institute of Nental Health (NIMH), 1975 National Insurance Association, 1921 National League of Cities, 1973 National Liberation League, 1935 National Medical Association, 1895 National Negro Bankers Associa- tion, 1924, 1940 National Negro Baseball League, 1920 National Negro Business League, 1900, 1907, 1914, 1924 National Negro Congress, 1936 National Negro Finance Corpor- ation, 1924 National Negro Retail Merchants Association, 1913 National Negro Opera Company, 1942 National Newspaper Publishers Association, 1940 National Park, George Washington Carver, 1951 National Student Coalition against Racism, 1975 National Urban League, 1911, 1925, 1927 National Women’s Suffrage Conven- tion, 1852 Native Americans, 1973 (see also Indians, Amerindians) Navigation Act, 1650, 1849 Navy, U.S., Black Officers, 1942, 1973 Women, 1944 Ndebele Bantustan, 1976 Ndebele People, 1893 Neau, Elias, 1704 Nebraska, 1854, 1867, 1877, 1879, 1914, 1919 Status of Africans, 1879 Suffrage, 1867 Nebuchadnezzar II, 604 BCE, 586 BCE Necho of Egypt, 608 BCE, 604 BCE Négritude, 1913 Negro, The, 1915 “Negro Artist and the Racial Moun- tain, The,” 1926 Negro Benson, 1723 Negro, Capitalization of “n” in, 1930 Negro Emigration Convention, 1854 Negro Family in the U.S., The, 1939 Negro Fellowship League, 1908 “Negro History Week,” 1926 Negro Seamen, (1950), (1975) “Negro School House,” 1743 Negro Society for Historical Re- search, 1911 “Negro Tom” (see Fuller, Tom) Nell, William C., 1851, 1855 Neptune (see H.M.S. Neptune) Nero, 54, 64, 68 Nerva, 96 Nestorian Church, 483 Netherlands, Revolt in, 1567 (see also Holland) Neto, Agostinho, Pres., 1974, 1979 Nevis, 1493, 1630, 1974 Newby, William H., 1856 “New Deal,” 1933 New England Anti-Slavery Soci- ety, 1832 New England Freedom Associ- ation, 1842 New England Slave Trade, 1638 New Guinea, (1820) New Jersey, 1777, 1880, 1887, 1926, 1927, 1934, 1962, 1964 New Jewel Movement, 1974 (see also Grenada) “New Left,” 1973 New Mexico, 1538, 1539 New Orleans, 1800, 1815, 1820, 1841, 1853, 1862, 1863, 1865, 1866, 1868, 1870, 1881, 1884, 1891, 1893, 1896, 1900, 1904, 1911, 1913, 1917, 1935, 1957, 1962, (1975) Congo Square, 1885 Storyville, 1897, 1917 Newspapers, Journals, Number of Black, 1898 Advance, 1877 Advance, The (Missouri), 1882 Advance, The (Virginia), 1893 Advance, The (Delaware), 1899 Advocate, The, 1891 Africa Times and Orient Review, 1912 Afro-American (Ohio), 1882 Afro-American (Penn.), 1892 Afro-American (Maryland), 1892 Afro-American (Minn.), 1899 Afro-American Citizen, 1899 Afro-American Mouthpiece, 1899 Afro-American Sentinel, 1893 Afro-Independent, 1888 Age, 1887 American Citizen (Kansas), 1887 American Citizen (Maryland), 1879 American Eagle, 1894 American Ethiopia, 1903 American Guide, 1889 American Press, 1888 American Problem, 1905 American Sentinel, 1880 Amsterdam News, 1909 Anglo-African, The, 1843 Appeal, 1885 Ardmore Sun, 1901 Argus, 1890 Arkansas Appreciator, 1896 Arkansas Baptist Flashlight, 1935 Arkansas Dispatch, 1880 Arkansas Freeman, 1869 Arkansas Herald, 1882 Arkansas State Press, 1941 Arkansas Survey, 1923 Arkansas Survey Journal, 1934 Arkansas World, 1940 Athens Blade, 1879 Atlanta Age, 1898 Atlanta Daily World, 1928 Augusta Union, 1889 Avalanche, 1891 Banner, 1881 Birmingham Review, 1933 Birmingham World, 1931 Black Dispatch, 1914 Black Republican, 1865 Black World (Negro Digest), 1918 Blade, 1894 Broadax, 1899 Broad Axe, 1896 Boston Courant, 1890 Brotherland, 1887 Buckeye Review, 1938 Buffalo Criterion, 1934 Buffalo Star, 1932 Bulletin, 1879 Cairo Gazette, The, 1882 California Eagle, 1879 California Voice, 1919 Call (Kansas), 1919 Call & Post, 1920 Cambridge Mirror, 1906 Capitol, 1894 Caret, 1895 Carolina Enterprise, 1881 Carolina Tribune, 1926 Carolinian, 1920 Charlestown Journal, 1866 Chicago Bee, 1909 Chicago Defender, 1870, 1905, 1925 Chicago Whip, 1919 Chicago World, 1900 Christian Herald, The, 1843 Chronicle, 1916 Chronometer, 1898 Church Organ, 1893 City Times, 1898 Clarion, 1921 Cleveland Advocate, 1915 Cleveland Guide, 1931 Cleveland Herald, 1928 Clipper (Georgia), 1888 Clipper (Illinois), 1885 Color, 1943 Colored Alabamian, 1907 Colored American, The (Geor- gia), 1843, 1865 Colored American, The (New York), 1837 Colored American, The (Texas), 1920 Colored American, The (Wash., D.C.), 1893 Colored Citizen (Florida), 1912 Colored Citizen (Kansas), 1878 Colored Citizen (Ohio), 1843, 1863 Colored Man’s Journal, The, 1843 Colored Patriot, 1882 Colored Tennessean, 1866 Colored World, 1883 Colored Statesman, 1894 Columbus Messenger, 1887 Columbus Voice, 1883 Commoner, 1875 Consevator, 1878 Contributor, 1883 Courier, 1893 Crisis, The, 1910, 1914, 1918, 1920, 1923, 1929, 1934 Criterion, 1942 Crystal, 1898 Daily Bulletin, 1941 Daily Express, 1942 Daily Search Light, 1905 Daily Times, 1922 Dallas Express, 1893 Dayton Forum, 1913 Defender (Penn.), 1897 Defender (Tenn.), 1917 Delaware Twilight, 1886 Delta News, 1894 Demonsthenian Shield, The, 1843 Detroit Contender, 1920 Detroit Informer, 1897 Detroit Tribune, 1922 Disfranchised American, The, 1843 Ebony, 1918 Echo (Arkansas), 1889 Echo (Georgia), 1870 Echo (Texas), 1893 Elevator, 1865 Emancipator, 1917 Enterprise (Alabama), 1898 Enterprise (Georgia), 1903 Enterprise (Illinois), 1918 Enterprise (Nebraska), 1893 Enterprise (Virginia), 1908 Ethiopian World, 1917 Evening Recorder, 1893 Excelsior, The, 1843 Fair Play, 1898 Farmer, The, 1843 Fellowship Herald, 1915 Ferret & Journal of the Lodge, 1891 Flashlight Herald, 1931 Florida Sentinel, 1887 Forum, 1894 Free Lance, 1895 Free Press, 1868 Free Speech, 1888 Freedom’s Journal, 1827 Freedomways, 1906 Freeman’s Chronicle, 1873 Gazette (N. Carolina), 1883 Gazette (Ohio), 1863, 1883 Gary American, 1925 Georgia Investigator, 1899 Georgia Speaker, 1895 Georgetown Planet Weekly, 1873 Gleanor, 1898 Globe (New York), 1880 Globe (Ohio), 1884 Guardian, 1901 Herald (Arkansas), 1896 Herald (Tenn.), 1927 Herald (Texas), 1890 Herald (Virginia), 1888 Herald-Commwealth, 1920 Horizon, 1907 Houston Defender, 1930 Houston Freeman, 1893 Houston Informer, 1919 Houston Sentinel, 1927 Huntsville Gazette, 1872 Huntsville Herald, 1878 Huntsville Journal, 1895 Huntsville News, 1917 Huntsville Star, 1900 Illinois Conservator, 1905 Illinois Times, 1939 Impartial Citizen, The, 1843 Independent (Georgia), 1903 Independent (Michigan), 1922 Indianapolis Recorder, 1897 Indianapolis World, 1883 Indicator, 1893 Industrial Day, 1888 Industrial Era, 1903 Informer, 1887 Interpreter, 1903 Iowa Bystander, 1894 Item, 1890 Jet, 1918 Journal (Georgia), 1918 Journal (Ohio), 1903 Journal (Penn.), 1893 Journal & Guide, 1901 Journal of Negro Education, 1931 Journal of Negro History, 1916, 1922 Kansas City Advocate, 1914 Kansas City American, 1928 Kansas City Observer, 1896 Kansas City Sun, 1908 Kansas Elevator, 1916, 1928 Kansas State Ledger, 1892 Kansas Watchman, 1903 Kentucky Reporter, 1899 Laboring Man, 1886 La Tribune de la Nouvelle- Orleans, 1864 Leader, 1888 Leavenworth Advocate, 1888 Liberator, 1901 Light, 1891 Lighthouse and Informer, 1937 Los Angeles Sentinel, 1932 Los Angeles Tribune, 1940 Louisiana Republican, 1881 Louisiana Daily, 1870 Louisville Defender, 1933 Louisville Leader, 1917 Loyal Georgian, 1866 McDowell Times, 1913 Macon Sentinel, 1899 Major, 1897 Memphis World, 1932 Messenger (New York), 1917, 1918 Messenger (S. Carolina), 1894 Messenger (Texas), 1932 Metropolitan Journal, 1892 Minneapolis Spokesman, 1934 Miami Times, 1923 Miami Whip, 1943 Michigan Chronicle, 1943 Michigan Independent, 1922 Michigan State News, 1920 Mind, 1931 Mirror, 1886 Mirror of the Times, 1856 Missionary Record, 1871 Mobile Weekly Press Forum, 1894 Monitor, 1893 Muskogee Lantern, 1902 Muskogee Republican, 1905 Muskogee Star, 1912 Mystery, The, 1843 Nashville Globe Independent, 1906 National Era, 1847 National Independent, 1891 National Negro Voice, 1913 National Reflector, 1895 National Reformer, The, 1843 National Republican, 1898 National Watchman, The, 1843 Negro Appeal, 1899 Negro Criterion, 1905 Negro Digest (Black World), 1918 Negro Gazette, 1872 Negro Labor News, 1931 Negro Question, 1888 Negro Star, 1908 Negro Watchman, 1874 Negro World (Tenn.), 1887 Negro World (New York), 1916, 1918 Negro Worker, The, 1932 New Age-Dispatch, 1904 New Era, 1899 New Idea, 1891 New National Era, 1869 New Jersey Herald News, 1927 New Jersey Record, 1934 New Jersey Trumpet, 1887 New Light, 1898 New South, 1894 Newport News Star, 1901 New York News, 1913 New York Phalanx, The, 1843 North Star, The, 1843, 1847 Northern Star, The, 1843 Northwest Enterprise, 1920 Northwest Herald, 1935 Northwestern Recorder, 1892 North Western News, 1923 Oakland Times, 1923 Observer (Louisiana), 1899 Observer (Texas), 1916 Ohio Republican, 1884 Ohio State News, 1942 Ohio State Tribune, 1884 Oklahoma Eagle, 1922 Omaha Guide, 1927 Omaha Monitor, 1915 Opportunity: A Journal of Negro Life, 1923 Palladdium, 1899 Palladium of Liberty, The, 1843 Palmetto Leader, 1925 People’s Advocate, 1891 People’s Choice, 1894 People’s Defender, 1889 People’s Elevator , 1892 People’s Elevator, 1924 People’s Light, 1893 People’s Voice, 1942 Philadelphia Independent, 1931 Phylon, 1695, 1940 Pittsburgh Courier, 1907 Plain-Dealer (Georgia), 1898 Plaindealer (Kansas), 1899 Post, 1926 Press (Alabama), 1894 Press (Virginia), 1891 Press (Virginia), 1893 Progress (Arkansas), 1880 Progress (Nebraska), 1889 Progressive Age, 1897 Progressive Herald, 1933 Public Ledger, 1887 Race Standard, 1894 Radical, 1897 Ram’s Horn, The, 1843, 1847 Record, 1896 Recorder, 1893 Register (Missouri), 1919 Register (Texas), 1931 Rescue, 1893 Reporter (Alabama), 1902 Reporter (Georgia), 1895 Reporter (Miss.), 1909 Reporter (Virginia), 1890 Republican, 1896 Review, 1884 Richmond Planet, 1883 Right House, 1908 Rising Sun (Iowa), 1883 Rising Sun (Missouri), 1896 Rochester Voice, 1933 St. Louis American, 1928 St. Louis Argus, 1912 St. Louis Clarion, 1915 St. Louis Recorder, 1943 St. Paul Recorder, 1933 San Francisco Sentinel, 1850 Savannah Tribune, 1875 Savannah Weekly Echo, 1879 Searchlight, 1898 Seattle Republican, 1894 Sentinel (Georgia), 1885 Sentinel (Wash., D.C.), 1865 Sepia Socialite, 1936 Shreveport Sun, 1920 Signal, 1897 Southern Age, 1891 Southern American, 1884 Southern News, 1890 Southern Sentinel, 1897 Standard (Kentucky), 1892 Standard (Virginia), 1889 Standard Echo, 1881 State Capital, 1886 Statesman, 1889 Star, 1903 Struggler, The, 1843 Sunday Item, 1881 Sunday Unionist, 1894 Tampa Bulletin, 1914 Texas Examiner, 1942 Texas Headlight, 1895, 1920 Times, 1894 Topeka Call, 1880, 1891 Topeka Tribune, 1878, 1880 Tribune (Georgia), 1886 Tribune (Kansas), 1898 Tribune (Penn.), 1884 Tri-County Bulletin, 1945 True Reformer, 1899 Twin City Observer, 1943 Union, 1907 Valley Index, 1897 Vindicator (Calif.), 1884 Vindicator (Louisiana), 1800 Virginia Star, 1877 Voice of Missions, 1893 Voice of the People, 1901 Washington American, 1909 Washington Bee, 1882 Washington Tribune, 1920 Watchman (Louisiana), 1896 Watchman, The (Tenn.), 1843, 1878 Weekly Defiance, 1881 Western Ideal, 1919 Western Optic, 1887 Western Outlook, 1894 Wide Awake, 1888 Wilmington Journal, 1945 Wisconsin Enterprise Blade, 1916 Wisconsin Weekly, 1898 Wyandotte Echo, 1925 Newton, Huey, P., 1942, 1975, 1976 Newton, Issac, Sir, 1727 New World, 1492, 1818 African Presence in, 1324, 1512, 1519, 1525, 1528 New York, 1664, 1674, 1704, 1712, 1732, 1741, 1760, 1777, 1787, 1790, 1796, 1800, 1804, 1809, 1820, 1821, 1822, 1827, 1828, 1830, 1834, 1835, 1837, 1839, 1840, 1843, 1850, 1851, 1852, 1853, 1854, 1859, 1860, 1864, 1865, 1879, 1880, 1883, 1884, 1885, 1887, 1894, 1896, 1898, 1900, 1903, 1904, 1905, 1906, 1907, 1909, 1910, 1911, 1912, 1913, 1914, 1915, 1916, 1917, 1918, 1919, 1920, 1921, 1922, 1923, 1924, 1925, 1926, 1927, 1928, 1929, 1930, 1934, 1935, 1938, 1941, 1943, 1945, 1946, 1949, 1951, 1952, 1955, 1957, 1959, 1960, 1961, 1962, 1963, 1964, 1965, 1966, 1969, 1970, 1971, 1973, 1974, 1975 (see also Nieuw Amsterdam) “Black Bohemia,” 1900 Bus Companies, 1941 Discrimination, 1951, 1957 Draft Riots, 1863 Education and Blacks, 1973 Free African Schools, 1787, 1820, 1834 Housing, 1951, 1957 Philharmonic Society, 1842 Public Schools, 1847 Segregation, 1883, 1884 Slaves in, 1655 Subway, 1904 Times, 1930 Transit Authority, 1970 Tribune, 1841 University, 1831 World’s Fair, 1938, 1963 New York Manumission Society, 1787, 1820 New Zealand, 1893 Nguzo Saba (Seven Principles), 1966 Niagara Movement, 1905, 1908 Niassa, 1974 Nicaragua, 1974, 1976, 1977, 1978 Bluefields, 1909 (see also Latin America) Nicholas I, 1854 Nieuw Amsterdam, 1626, 1644, 1674 Niger, 1960, 1976 Nigeria, 1960, 1962, 1965, 1968, 1975, 1976, 1979, 1980 Britain, 1887, 1900 Civil War, 1967 Coup d’état, 1975 Nile, Battle of the, 1798 Nile River, 1862 Nineveh, 606 BCE Niño, Pedro, 1492 Nix, Robert C., 1958 Nixon, Richard M., Pres., 1968, 1972, 1974, 1980 Njeri, Monicah, 1980 Nkomo, Joshua, 1979, 1980 Nkosi, 1930 Nkrumah, Kwame, Pres., 1957, 1960, 1962, 1963, 1965 (see also Ghana) Nobel Prize, 1895, 1906, 1932, 1950, 1952, 1957, 1961, 1964, 1974, 1975 Non-European Convention, 1930 Nongquase, 1856 North American Air Defense Com- mand, 1975 North Carolina, 1664, 1802, 1822, 1829, 1830, 1831, 1832, 1834, 1844, 1850, 1865, 1870, 1872, 1875, 1879, 1880, 1881, 1883, 1889, 1890, 1891, 1892, 1895, 1903, 1904, 1915, 1920, 1946, 1958, 1959, 1960, 1962 Ku Klux Klan, 1870 Politics, 1889 White Secret Society, 1872 North Carolina A&T University, 1891, 1960, 1969 North Carolina Central University, 1910 North Carolina, Death of Frederick Douglass, 1895 North Carolina Mutual Insurance Company, 1898 Northup, Solomon, 1853 Nugent, John Peer, 1978 Nyerere, Julius K., Pres., 1961 (see also Tanzania) |
